{
 "name": "LEELALU Verified Parenting Claims",
 "description": "Every health or development statement LEELALU is allowed to say, with the organisation it came from, the exact meaning it may carry and its limits. used_by tells you where each one is allowed: lu means the AI companion may say it, article means one of our articles cites it.",
 "publisher": "Leelalu, Inc.",
 "license": "CC BY 4.0",
 "url": "https://leelalu.com/claims.html",
 "updated": "2026-09-12",
 "count": 583,
 "count_lu": 387,
 "count_article": 196,
 "generated_from": [
  "api/_evidence.json",
  "content/blog/claim_batch_2_articles.csv"
 ],
 "review_status_meaning": "Team verified: the LEELALU team checked each statement against the linked source. It does not mean a contracted clinician reviewed it, and no individual clinician is credited anywhere on this site because none is contracted.",
 "claims": [
  {
   "id": "allergy.anaphylaxis_911.medlineplus.v1",
   "statement": "MedlinePlus writes that \"In rare cases, a food allergy can cause a life-threatening reaction called anaphylaxis\", lists among its symptoms \"Severe trouble breathing because of swelling in the throat\" and \"Loss of consciousness\", and writes \"This is a medical emergency. Call 911 if someone is having the symptoms of anaphylaxis\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH National Library of Medicine)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/foodallergy.html"
   },
   "stage": "all ages",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published emergency routing, quoted whole; the 911 instruction is the source's and is never softened, delayed or conditioned",
   "limitations": [
    "read live 2026-08-17: MedlinePlus lists hives among food allergy symptoms but does NOT publish a stop-that-food-and-call-your-pediatrician instruction for mild reactions, so any such routing beside this claim is LEELALU editorial framing and points only toward care"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "allergy"
  },
  {
   "id": "breathing.apnea_definition.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "The word apnea carries two published infant definitions: Seattle Children's PE1736 applies it to a pause of 15 seconds or longer on its call 911 list, while Cleveland Clinic writes that apnea in an infant means they stop breathing for 20 seconds or longer at a time.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Cleveland Clinic + Seattle Children's PE1736",
    "url": "https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/periodic-breathing"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "vocabulary note so a parent reading a third page tonight is not confused by two numbers; never used to pick the higher number as the safe one",
   "limitations": [
    "the two organizations use the same word for different durations",
    "both are quoted, neither is reconciled"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "the action threshold is always the lower published number, never the definition with the larger one",
   "topic": "breathing"
  },
  {
   "id": "breathing.call911_list.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Seattle Children's Hospital handout PE1736 publishes exactly four things that mean call 911 now for an infant: they stop breathing for 15 seconds or longer (apnea); they have severe difficulty breathing; they have blue-tinged skin (cyanosis), especially noticeable around the lips, fingernails and gums, which may not be visible on darker skin tones; you are unable to wake your baby.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Seattle Children's Hospital (PE1736)",
    "url": "https://www.seattlechildrens.org/pdf/PE1736.pdf"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "escalation list quoted from Seattle Children's, never originated by LEELALU; this claim only ever routes toward care",
   "limitations": [
    "the source is a PDF that automated fetch tools cannot parse",
    "extracted and read stream by stream in-session on 2026-08-16, same handling as the ACOG note in PIPELINE.md"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "must be reproduced in full and never trimmed to fit a layout; LEELALU never adds an item and never removes one; items on the separate distress-signs list are never promoted onto this one",
   "topic": "breathing"
  },
  {
   "id": "breathing.count_method.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Seattle Children's PE1736 publishes the counting method: while your baby is sleeping, count the number of times their stomach rises and falls in 30 seconds, where one rise and fall equals one breath, then double that number to get the breathing rate per minute.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Seattle Children's Hospital (PE1736)",
    "url": "https://www.seattlechildrens.org/pdf/PE1736.pdf"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "an observation technique as published, not a test a baby can pass or fail",
   "limitations": [
    "the AAP describes periodic breathing as alternating pauses and bursts, so a single 30 second count can land in either part of the cycle",
    "the number is for the conversation with a clinician, not a verdict"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "counting never delays action on anything from the call 911 list",
   "topic": "breathing"
  },
  {
   "id": "breathing.distress_signs.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Seattle Children's PE1736 describes signs that an infant is working harder to breathe: retractions, skin pulling in or tugging around bones in the chest, neck, above the collar bone, under the breast bone and between and under the ribs; nasal flaring, nostrils spreading open while the child breathes; grunting when breathing out, the body's way of trying to keep air in the lungs so they stay open; head bobbing back and forth with each breath; skin color changes, pale or blue-gray around the lips and under the eyes, a sign the child is not getting enough oxygen, which may not be visible on darker skin tones; and sweating on the head without the skin feeling warm.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Seattle Children's Hospital (PE1736)",
    "url": "https://www.seattlechildrens.org/pdf/PE1736.pdf"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "observation list quoted from the source, describing effort rather than speed",
   "limitations": [
    "the source is a PDF extracted in-session on 2026-08-16",
    "these are the signs to speak to a healthcare provider about, which is a different list and a different action from the four that mean 911"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never merged with the call 911 list; grunting and retractions belong on the provider list in the source and stay there",
   "topic": "breathing"
  },
  {
   "id": "breathing.pause_911_cc.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Cleveland Clinic writes to call 911 or take your baby to the emergency room if they stop breathing for longer than 10 seconds.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Cleveland Clinic",
    "url": "https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/periodic-breathing"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "a second published pause threshold, shown alongside Seattle Children's 15 seconds rather than averaged with it or chosen between",
   "limitations": [
    "two children's institutions publish two different numbers",
    "LEELALU shows both and never blends them into a single number of its own"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never softened, never delayed, never presented as optional",
   "topic": "breathing"
  },
  {
   "id": "breathing.periodic_color.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "On the same AAP page describing periodic breathing, the baby's skin color does not change with the pauses in breathing and there is no cause for concern.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/phases-of-sleep.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "one observation the AAP attaches to the normal pattern; color is a signal, never a clearance, and it never overrides a published pause threshold",
   "limitations": [
    "AAP page last updated 9/18/2013 and still live",
    "the same 5 to 10 second pause is published by Cleveland Clinic on a page last updated 02/12/2025, which is why the claim ships corroborated rather than on the older page alone",
    "color change may not be visible on darker skin tones (Seattle Children's PE1736)"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never presented as a green light: unchanged color does not cancel a 15 second pause, severe difficulty breathing, or a baby who cannot be woken",
   "topic": "breathing"
  },
  {
   "id": "breathing.periodic_outgrown.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes that babies generally outgrow periodic breathing by about the middle of the first year.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/phases-of-sleep.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "expected resolution window as published by the AAP, not a deadline any baby must meet",
   "limitations": [
    "AAP page last updated 9/18/2013 and still live",
    "the same 5 to 10 second pause is published by Cleveland Clinic on a page last updated 02/12/2025, which is why the claim ships corroborated rather than on the older page alone",
    "generally, not always"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to dismiss breathing that concerns a parent at any age",
   "topic": "breathing"
  },
  {
   "id": "breathing.periodic_pattern.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP describes normal periodic breathing of infancy: during REM sleep an infant's breathing is often irregular and may stop for 5 to 10 seconds, then start again with a burst of rapid breathing at the rate of 50 to 60 breaths a minute for 10 to 15 seconds, then settle.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/phases-of-sleep.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "description of one normal sleep-breathing pattern as published by the AAP; never used to classify an individual baby's pauses as safe, and never used to talk a parent out of calling",
   "limitations": [
    "AAP page last updated 9/18/2013 and still live",
    "the same 5 to 10 second pause is published by Cleveland Clinic on a page last updated 02/12/2025, which is why the claim ships corroborated rather than on the older page alone"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "a pause on either published 911 line (Seattle Children's 15 seconds or longer, Cleveland Clinic longer than 10 seconds) is an emergency regardless of this pattern",
   "topic": "breathing"
  },
  {
   "id": "breathing.periodic_peak_age.0_1m.v1",
   "statement": "Cleveland Clinic writes that in periodic breathing the pause usually lasts five to 10 seconds, and that it is most likely to happen when a baby is 2 to 4 weeks old.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Cleveland Clinic",
    "url": "https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/periodic-breathing"
   },
   "stage": "0-1 month",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "pause length and peak age as published by Cleveland Clinic",
   "limitations": [
    "usually and most likely, not always",
    "a population pattern, not a statement about one baby"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "Cleveland Clinic's own 911 line, longer than 10 seconds, sits on the same page and governs",
   "topic": "breathing"
  },
  {
   "id": "breathing.rate_normal_medlineplus.0_1m.v1",
   "statement": "MedlinePlus, from the NIH National Library of Medicine, gives the normal newborn breathing rate as 40 to 60 times per minute.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH National Library of Medicine)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007233.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-1 month",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "a second published normal range, shown next to the first rather than instead of it",
   "limitations": [
    "the range overlaps Seattle Children's 30 to 60 rather than agreeing with it exactly",
    "both are shown"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "a number inside a published range is not a clearance and never replaces a clinician",
   "topic": "breathing"
  },
  {
   "id": "breathing.rate_table.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Seattle Children's PE1736 publishes normal breathing rates during sleep of 30 to 60 a minute from birth to 1 year, and separately lists abnormally high rates as over 60 from birth to 2 months and over 50 from 2 months to 1 year.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Seattle Children's Hospital (PE1736)",
    "url": "https://www.seattlechildrens.org/pdf/PE1736.pdf"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the source table reproduced as published, band for band and number for number",
   "limitations": [
    "the normal-during-sleep band and the abnormally-high band overlap between 50 and 60, which is the source's own structure and is shown rather than resolved",
    "MedlinePlus publishes a narrower normal newborn range of 40 to 60"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to label a baby's count normal; effort and behavior are separate observations",
   "topic": "breathing"
  },
  {
   "id": "breathing.ttn_timing.0_1m.v1",
   "statement": "MedlinePlus describes transient tachypnea of the newborn as breathing problems that begin soon after birth, usually starting within 1 to 2 hours, and says the condition most often goes away within 48 to 72 hours after delivery.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH National Library of Medicine)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007233.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-1 month",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published time course of a condition a clinician confirms, not a reason to wait at home",
   "limitations": [
    "most often, not always",
    "this is one cause of fast newborn breathing among several"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "LEELALU never suggests a baby has this or any other condition; the timing is context for a clinician's explanation, never a self-assessment",
   "topic": "breathing"
  },
  {
   "id": "checkup.two_month.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes that at the 2 month checkup the pediatrician will measure and weigh the baby to make sure growth is on track, observe development and behavior, and perform a physical exam, and that the vaccines given are hepatitis B, rotavirus, DTaP, Hib, pneumococcal conjugate and inactivated polio.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/Your-Childs-Checkups/Pages/Your-Checkup-Checklist-2-Months-Old.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "2 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "what the visit contains as published; a description of the appointment, never medical advice about any vaccine",
   "limitations": [
    "US schedule",
    "the exact combination at a given visit is the pediatrician's, and the same page lists questions the doctor asks about vision, tummy time, feeding, falls and back sleeping"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "LEELALU never advises for or against a vaccine and never adjusts a schedule; the visit belongs to the clinician",
   "topic": "checkup"
  },
  {
   "id": "cry.break_safe_place.v1",
   "statement": "If nothing calms the crying and you feel anger or frustration building, it is safe and recommended to place your baby on their back in a bare crib or playpen, leave the room, and take about 10 to 15 minutes to calm yourself before checking again.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/Abusive-Head-Trauma-Shaken-Baby-Syndrome.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "protective instruction that stepping away briefly is good parenting, framed without blame",
   "limitations": [
    "the crib must be bare per safe sleep rules",
    "ask another adult to take over when possible"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never shake a baby; if fear of losing control persists, call the pediatrician or a support line now",
   "topic": "cry"
  },
  {
   "id": "cry.colic_definition_3_3_1.v1",
   "statement": "A baby may have colic if they cry more than 3 hours a day, 3 days a week, for at least 1 week, but are otherwise healthy; it can start when a baby is a few weeks old and usually stops by 3 to 4 months.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/colic/"
   },
   "stage": "0-4 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "descriptive definition and time course, not a diagnosis of a specific baby",
   "limitations": [
    "UK source",
    "page past its stated review date, recheck at next cycle",
    "only a clinician can diagnose colic or rule out other causes"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "'otherwise healthy' is the clinician's call; crying plus fever, vomiting, or feeding refusal routes to care, not to this definition",
   "topic": "cry"
  },
  {
   "id": "cry.colic_medical_cause.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes that colicky behavior may also signal a medical problem, such as a hernia or some type of illness.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Pages/Colic.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-4 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "exactly the AAP's sentence. The page does not attach a call-your-doctor instruction to it, so any routing to care alongside this claim is LEELALU's own editorial framing and is only ever toward care, never away",
   "limitations": [
    "may signal, not does signal",
    "the AAP does not publish a diagnostic route from crying to hernia"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to diagnose; LEELALU names no cause and only says the pattern is worth a clinician looking at",
   "topic": "cry"
  },
  {
   "id": "cry.evening_worse.v1",
   "statement": "Crying spells can occur around the clock, but they often become worse in the early evening.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Pages/Colic.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-4 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "descriptive pattern behind the so-called witching hour",
   "limitations": [
    "pattern description, cause is not fully established"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "cry"
  },
  {
   "id": "cry.fussing_peak_6w.v1",
   "statement": "Regular daily fussing usually peaks at about 3 hours a day by 6 weeks old, then declines to 1 or 2 hours a day by 3 to 4 months of age.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Pages/Colic.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-4 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "normalizing statistic about the crying curve, not a threshold for worry or dismissal",
   "limitations": [
    "population pattern",
    "individual babies vary"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to dismiss a parent's concern about crying paired with fever, vomiting, poor feeding, or a baby who seems unwell",
   "topic": "cry"
  },
  {
   "id": "cry.inconsolable_check_temp.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes that if your baby is inconsolable, they may be sick: check their temperature, and if a rectal reading is 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) or higher they could have an infection, so contact your pediatrician.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Pages/Responding-to-Your-Babys-Cries.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "escalation instruction quoted from the AAP: inconsolable crying is a reason to check for fever and to contact the pediatrician; this claim only ever routes toward care",
   "limitations": [
    "the AAP publishes the 100.4 threshold and the instruction together",
    "LEELALU never adjusts the number and never separates it from the instruction to contact the pediatrician",
    "source fetched live 2026-09-12 (HTTP 200) and the sentence confirmed verbatim"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never softened into a wait-and-see; a fever in a baby under 3 months is its own immediate call regardless of crying",
   "topic": "cry"
  },
  {
   "id": "cry.newborn_1_4_hours.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes that all babies cry, often without any apparent cause, and that newborns routinely cry 1 to 4 hours a day as part of adjusting to life outside the womb.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Pages/Responding-to-Your-Babys-Cries.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "a normalizing range published by the AAP; it exists to take blame off a parent, never to set a quota",
   "limitations": [
    "a population range",
    "the same page says explicitly that crying does not reflect on a parent"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to dismiss crying paired with fever, vomiting, poor feeding or a baby who seems unwell",
   "topic": "cry"
  },
  {
   "id": "cry.reasons_nhs.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS lists the most common reasons a baby cries as hunger, a dirty or wet nappy, tiredness, wanting a cuddle, wind, being too hot or too cold, boredom and overstimulation.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/caring-for-a-newborn/soothing-a-crying-baby/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "a list of things to check, not a diagnosis of any particular cry",
   "limitations": [
    "UK source",
    "the same page says sometimes it is easy to work out what a baby wants and sometimes it is not"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to imply a parent should be able to identify the cause; crying with fever, vomiting or a baby who seems unwell routes to care",
   "topic": "cry"
  },
  {
   "id": "cry.respond_cant_spoil.v1",
   "statement": "In the first few months, respond promptly when your baby cries; you cannot spoil a young baby with attention, and babies whose calls are answered tend to cry less overall.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Pages/Responding-to-Your-Babys-Cries.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "reassurance that responding is right, not a performance standard for exhausted parents",
   "limitations": [
    "promptly means what a tired human can manage, not instantly",
    "taking a safe break is still responding well"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never framed to guilt a parent who needed to step away",
   "topic": "cry"
  },
  {
   "id": "cry.soothing_menu.v1",
   "statement": "Ways to comfort a crying baby include swaddling in a large thin blanket, holding them, calming sounds such as white noise or the hum of a fan, walking them in a body carrier or rocking them, and offering sucking such as a pacifier.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Pages/Calming-A-Fussy-Baby.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "menu of options to try, none guaranteed, none mandatory",
   "limitations": [
    "what works varies by baby and by day",
    "swaddling follows safe sleep rules and stops at rolling"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "a swaddled baby sleeps on their back on a firm flat surface; stop swaddling at any sign of rolling",
   "topic": "cry"
  },
  {
   "id": "cry.soothing_nhs.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS suggests comforting a crying baby by letting them suckle at the breast if breastfeeding, having gentle background noise, holding the baby or using a sling so they are close to you, moving gently, swaying, dancing, talking and singing, and rocking the baby in the pram or going out for a walk or a drive.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/caring-for-a-newborn/soothing-a-crying-baby/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "a menu of options published by the NHS, none guaranteed and none mandatory",
   "limitations": [
    "UK source",
    "the NHS itself says some may work better than others"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "a baby who falls asleep in a sling, pram or car seat is moved to a flat safe sleep surface; safe sleep rules are never traded for quiet",
   "topic": "cry"
  },
  {
   "id": "cry.still_crying_call_doctor.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes that if, after a safe break of about 10 to 15 minutes and another round of soothing, your baby is still crying, call your child's doctor, because there may be a medical reason why your baby is crying.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Pages/Calming-A-Fussy-Baby.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the AAP's own routing for crying that soothing does not touch: a call to the child's doctor, framed as a check rather than an alarm; this claim only ever routes toward care",
   "limitations": [
    "the page sequence is: place the baby in a safe bare crib, leave the room for about 10 to 15 minutes, calm yourself, retry soothing, then call the child's doctor",
    "LEELALU keeps the order and names no cause",
    "source fetched live 2026-09-12 (HTTP 200) and the sentences confirmed verbatim"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to name a cause of the crying; never used to delay a call when fever, breathing change or a baby who is hard to wake is present",
   "topic": "cry"
  },
  {
   "id": "cry.timing_nhs.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS writes that there may be times of day when a baby cries a lot and cannot be comforted, that afternoon and evening are the most common times for this, and that the amount babies cry tends to increase when they are around 2 weeks old and then gradually reduces at around 3 months old.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/caring-for-a-newborn/soothing-a-crying-baby/"
   },
   "stage": "0-4 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published curve and its worst hours, offered so a parent can recognise a pattern rather than blame themselves",
   "limitations": [
    "UK source",
    "a pattern description, and the NHS notes this is often when a parent is most tired and least able to cope"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to tell a parent to wait it out when something feels wrong",
   "topic": "cry"
  },
  {
   "id": "dehydration.mild_moderate.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP lists signs of mild to moderate dehydration as playing less than usual, urinating less frequently (for infants, fewer than six wet diapers per day), a parched dry mouth, fewer tears when crying, a sunken soft spot of the head in an infant or toddler, and changes in stools, and says to notify the pediatrician immediately if any of them develop.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/Pages/dehydration.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-24 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the first of two published lists, reproduced as its own list",
   "limitations": [
    "the AAP publishes a separate and more serious list for severe dehydration",
    "the two are never merged. An earlier version of the month-5 page merged them and was corrected on 2026-08-16"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never trimmed; the action the AAP attaches is notify the pediatrician immediately",
   "topic": "dehydration"
  },
  {
   "id": "dehydration.severe.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP lists severe dehydration as adding, to the mild to moderate signs, being very fussy, being excessively sleepy, sunken eyes, cool discolored hands and feet, wrinkled skin, and urinating only one to two times per day.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/Pages/dehydration.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-24 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the second published list, kept separate because the source keeps it separate and it describes a more serious state",
   "limitations": [
    "the AAP presents these as in addition to the earlier list, not instead of it"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "sunken eyes belongs to this list and is never presented as a mild sign; an excessively sleepy baby who is hard to wake is an emergency",
   "topic": "dehydration"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.act_early_do_not_wait.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC writes \"You know your child best. Don't wait. If your child is not meeting one or more milestones, has lost skills he or she once had, or you have other concerns, act early. Talk with your child's doctor, share your concerns, and ask about developmental screening\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC Learn the Signs. Act Early",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/milestones/2-months.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-5 years",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the CDC's own routing when a milestone is missed or a skill is lost; it names a conversation and a screening, never a diagnosis and never a prognosis",
   "limitations": [
    "the CDC repeats this instruction on every age checklist page, so it belongs to the programme rather than to one age",
    "the milestone lists themselves are separate claims and a missed milestone is not by itself a delay"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.act_early_referral.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC writes that if concerns remain after talking with the doctor, \"Ask for a referral to a specialist who can evaluate your child more\" and \"Call your state or territory's early intervention program to find out if your child can get services to help\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC Learn the Signs. Act Early",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/milestones/6-months.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-5 years",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the CDC's own second step after the first conversation; it names who to contact, never what is wrong",
   "limitations": [
    "early intervention programmes are state and territory run, so eligibility and process differ by place and LEELALU never predicts either"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.babble_4m_native_rhythm.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"At about four months, she'll start to babble, using many of the rhythms and characteristics of her native language\", and that she will \"raise and drop her voice as if she were making a statement or asking a question\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Language-Development-4-to-7-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "4-7 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published timing and the published description of what babble sounds like",
   "limitations": [
    "read live 2026-08-17: this page does NOT say babble grows into longer chains or syllable strings, and the page was rewritten on 2026-08-17 to drop that phrasing. Repeated strings such as mamamama are a CDC 9 month item and are cited there"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.babble_4m_tone.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"By four months, your infant will babble routinely, often amusing themselves for long periods by producing strange new sounds (muh-muh, bah-bah)\" and \"They'll also be more sensitive to your tone of voice and the emphasis you put on words or phrases\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Hearing-and-Making-Sounds.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "3-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the AAP's own age label and its own examples; four months is the AAP's number and stays attached to it",
   "limitations": [
    "the page says by four months, so quoting it inside a 3 month page is a look ahead and must be labelled as one",
    "babies born preterm are tracked by corrected age"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.corrected_age.preemie.v1",
   "statement": "For a baby born preterm, development is measured against corrected age: the baby's actual age in weeks minus the number of weeks the baby was born early.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/preemie/Pages/Corrected-Age-For-Preemies.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-24 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "how to adjust expectations for prematurity, not a diagnostic tool",
   "limitations": [
    "older page, recheck at next review cycle",
    "individual preemie follow-up plans come from the care team"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "questions about a preemie's development go to the pediatrician or follow-up clinic, not to an article table",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.crawling_7_10m.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP describes crawling as \"a skill usually mastered between seven and ten months\" and writes \"As long as your baby is coordinating each side of her body and using each arm and leg equally, there's no cause for concern\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Movement-8-to-12-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "8-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published typical window and the published reassurance test; the test is about symmetry, not about whether a baby crawls at all",
   "limitations": [
    "crawling does not appear on the CDC milestone checklists at all, so a baby who skips it is not missing a milestone",
    "asymmetry, one side used much more than the other, is the part that routes to a doctor"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "a baby using one side of the body much more than the other is a call to the pediatrician",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.first_conversations_rules.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"These first conversations teach her many of the subtle rules of communication, such as turn-taking, vocal tone, imitation, pacing, and speed of verbal interaction\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Hearing-and-Making-Sounds.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "what the AAP says early back-and-forth teaches; a description of learning, never a technique with a promised result",
   "limitations": [
    "the AAP names five things and we quote all five rather than the two that fit a sentence",
    "the page publishes no timeline for any of them"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.first_steps_first_birthday.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"Many babies' first steps are taken around their first birthday, although it's normal for children to start walking earlier or later\" and \"As miraculous as it may seem, most children advance from these first steps to confident walking within days\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Movement-8-to-12-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "8-15 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published typical timing with the AAP's own earlier or later attached; a range, never a deadline",
   "limitations": [
    "around the first birthday is the AAP's phrasing and the CDC's own 12 month list has walking while holding on to furniture, not independent walking",
    "babies born preterm are tracked by corrected age"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.first_word_definition.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"For your child, a 'word' is any sound that consistently refers to the same person, object, or event\", giving as its example a consistent \"mog\" for milk.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Language-Development-8-to-12-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "8-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the AAP's own definition and the AAP's own example; substituting a different example is ours to label, not to attribute",
   "limitations": [
    "read live 2026-08-17: the AAP example is mog for milk, not ba for bottle. The page was rewritten on 2026-08-17 to use the AAP's own example"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.gaze_aversion_control.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"Looking away from you gives them some control and protects them from being overwhelmed\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Emotional-and-Social-Development-Birth-to-3-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published reason a baby breaks eye contact; it is a normalising statement, never a reassurance that every gaze aversion is fine",
   "limitations": [
    "the AAP writes this about ordinary social play",
    "a baby who does not smile at people or does not react to loud sounds by 2 months is a separate CDC line and routes to the doctor"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.gibberish_and_mama.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"More likely, your baby's speech at twelve months will consist of a sort of gibberish that has the tones and variations of intelligible speech\", that \"Your child may even stumble on words such as 'mama' and 'bye-bye' quite accidentally, and when you get excited she'll realize she's said something meaningful\", and \"Before long she'll start using 'mama' to summon you or attract your attention\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Language-Development-8-to-12-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "8-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published description of what early speech sounds like and how an accidental word becomes a deliberate one",
   "limitations": [
    "the AAP attaches the gibberish description to twelve months",
    "quoting it at 9 months is a look ahead. The CDC's own mama or dada item also sits at 12 months"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.milestones_15m.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "CDC milestones by 15 months include \"Takes a few steps on his own\", \"Tries to say one or two words besides 'mama' or 'dada,' like 'ba' for ball or 'da' for dog\", and \"Uses fingers to feed herself some food\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC Learn the Signs. Act Early",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/milestones/15-months.html"
   },
   "stage": "15 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the CDC's own 15 month list, quoted at 15 months; walking a few steps alone is on this list and not on the 1 year list",
   "limitations": [
    "read live 2026-08-17: the ba for ball example belongs to this CDC page, not to the AAP first word page, whose own example is mog for milk. A 12 month old who is not walking alone is not late against a list that belongs to 15 months"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.milestones_1m.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP lists one month milestones including focusing vision 8 to 12 inches (20.3 to 30.4 cm) away, eyes that wander and occasionally cross or drift outward, preferring black and white or high contrast patterns, preferring the human face to other patterns, hearing that is fully mature, recognizing and reacting to loud sounds, and recognizing the scent of their own mother's breastmilk.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Developmental-Milestones-1-Month.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "1 month",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published list reproduced as written; a description, never a test",
   "limitations": [
    "the same page notes the head flops backward if unsupported and hands stay in tight fists at this age"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to tell a family their baby is behind; concerns go to the pediatrician",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.milestones_1y_full.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "The full CDC 1 year list: plays games with you, like pat-a-cake; waves \"bye-bye\"; calls a parent \"mama\" or \"dada\" or another special name; understands \"no\" (pauses briefly or stops when you say it); puts something in a container, like a block in a cup; looks for things he sees you hide, like a toy under a blanket; pulls up to stand; walks, holding on to furniture; drinks from a cup without a lid, as you hold it; picks things up between thumb and pointer finger, like small bits of food.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC Learn the Signs. Act Early",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/milestones/1-year.html"
   },
   "stage": "12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the CDC's 12 month checklist in full, quoted at 12 months; naming it earlier is a look ahead and is labelled as one",
   "limitations": [
    "a 9 month old who does none of these is not late against a list that belongs to 12 months",
    "the pincer grasp in particular is a 12 month item and early versions of it are not the milestone"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.milestones_1y.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "CDC milestones by 1 year include pulling up to stand, walking holding on to furniture (cruising), and picking things up between thumb and pointer finger, such as small bits of food.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC Learn the Signs. Act Early",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/milestones/1-year.html"
   },
   "stage": "12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the CDC's own 1 year list, quoted at 1 year; naming it earlier is a look ahead and is labelled as one",
   "limitations": [
    "the CDC defines a milestone as what 75 percent or more of children do by an age, so an 8 month old who does none of these is not late against a list that belongs to 12 months"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.milestones_2m.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "CDC milestones for 2 months: calms down when spoken to or picked up, looks at your face, seems happy to see you when you walk up, and smiles when you talk or smile at them; makes sounds other than crying and reacts to loud sounds; watches you as you move and looks at a toy for several seconds; holds head up when on tummy, moves both arms and both legs, and opens hands briefly.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC Learn the Signs. Act Early",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/milestones/2-months.html"
   },
   "stage": "2 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published checklist reproduced in full across all four CDC categories",
   "limitations": [
    "CDC pages return HTTP 403 to direct fetch",
    "read on 2026-08-16 through a second fetch path, same handling PIPELINE.md records for ACOG and Mayo",
    "the CDC frames these as what most babies do by this age"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to label a baby delayed; the CDC routes concerns to the doctor and to early intervention",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.milestones_3m.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"Starts using hands and eyes in coordination\" at 2 months, \"Looks at their hands with interest\" at 4 months, and \"By the second or third month, they may start 'talking' back with soft coos and gurgles\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Developmental-Milestones-3-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "2-4 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the AAP's own age labels as published; the 2 month and 4 month labels stay attached to those ages and are not restated as 3 month milestones",
   "limitations": [
    "the page is titled for 3 months but publishes its checklists at 2 and 4 months, so a 3 month old sits between two lists rather than on one",
    "babies born preterm are tracked by corrected age"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.milestones_4m.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "CDC milestones for 4 months include holding the head steady without support when held, pushing up onto elbows and forearms when on the tummy, making sounds like oooo and aahh (cooing), bringing hands to the mouth, and chuckling when you try to make them laugh.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC Learn the Signs. Act Early",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/milestones/4-months.html"
   },
   "stage": "4 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published checklist reproduced as written; a checklist for a conversation with a clinician, never a test a baby passes or fails",
   "limitations": [
    "CDC pages return HTTP 403 to direct fetch",
    "read on 2026-08-16 through a second fetch path, same handling PIPELINE.md records for ACOG and Mayo",
    "the CDC frames these as what most babies do by this age, not all"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to tell a family their baby is delayed; missing milestones route to the pediatrician",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.milestones_6m.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "CDC milestones for 6 months include rolling from tummy to back, pushing up with straight arms when on the tummy, leaning on hands to support themselves when sitting, taking turns making sounds with you, and blowing raspberries.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC Learn the Signs. Act Early",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/milestones/6-months.html"
   },
   "stage": "6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published checklist reproduced as written",
   "limitations": [
    "CDC pages return HTTP 403 to direct fetch",
    "read on 2026-08-16 through a second fetch path, same handling PIPELINE.md records for ACOG and Mayo",
    "a 5 month old is mid-way through this work and is not expected to have finished it"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to label a baby behind; the CDC itself routes concerns to the doctor and to early intervention",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.milestones_75_percent.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC writes \"Developmental milestones are things most children (75% or more) can do by a certain age\", and separately that \"Learn the Signs. Act Early. resources are not a substitute for standardized, validated developmental screening tools\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC Learn the Signs. Act Early",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/milestones/4-months.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-5 years",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the CDC's own definition of what a milestone list is, and the CDC's own limit on what its checklists can do; a missed item is not a diagnosis",
   "limitations": [
    "read live 2026-08-17. The CDC does not publish the phrase conversation starter or the phrase not a test to pass",
    "wording of that kind beside this claim is LEELALU editorial framing and the page was rewritten on 2026-08-17 to use the CDC's own sentence instead"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.milestones_9m_full.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "The full CDC 9 month list: shy, clingy or fearful around strangers; shows several facial expressions like happy, sad, angry and surprised; looks when you call her name; reacts when you leave (looks, reaches for you, or cries); smiles or laughs when you play peek-a-boo; makes a lot of different sounds like \"mamamama\" and \"bababababa\"; lifts arms up to be picked up; looks for objects when dropped out of sight; bangs two things together; gets to a sitting position by herself; moves things from one hand to her other hand; uses fingers to rake food towards himself; sits without support.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC Learn the Signs. Act Early",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/milestones/9-months.html"
   },
   "stage": "9 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the CDC's 9 month checklist in full; the list is quoted whole rather than trimmed to the items that suit a paragraph",
   "limitations": [
    "the CDC defines these as what 75 percent or more of children do by 9 months",
    "crawling appears nowhere on this list, and a baby who moves some other way is not missing a milestone"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.milestones_9m.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "CDC milestones for 9 months include \"Sits without support\", \"Gets to a sitting position by herself\", \"Moves things from one hand to her other hand\" and \"Uses fingers to rake food towards himself\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC Learn the Signs. Act Early",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/milestones/9-months.html"
   },
   "stage": "9 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the CDC's own 9 month list, quoted at 9 months; naming it inside a 6 month page is a look ahead and is labelled as one",
   "limitations": [
    "the CDC defines a milestone as what 75 percent or more of children do by an age",
    "a 6 month old who does not sit unsupported is not late against this list, which belongs to 9 months"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.newborn_physical.medlineplus.v1",
   "statement": "MedlinePlus writes that from newborn to 2 months an infant can lift and turn their head when lying on their back, that hands are fisted and arms flexed, that the neck cannot support the head when the infant is pulled to sitting, and that primitive reflexes are present including the Babinski reflex, the Moro or startle reflex, and the palmar hand grasp.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH National Library of Medicine)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002004.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-2 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "a description of typical newborn physical development and named reflexes, never a screening tool",
   "limitations": [
    "a description of what most infants do, not a checklist any baby is measured against"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "concerns about movement, tone or reflexes go to the pediatrician, never to an article",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.newborn_vision.medlineplus.v1",
   "statement": "MedlinePlus writes that the newborn infant can see within a range of 8 to 12 inches (20 to 30 centimeters), that colour vision develops between 4 to 6 months, and that by 2 months an infant can track moving objects up to 180 degrees and prefers faces.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH National Library of Medicine)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002004.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published ranges for early vision, a description rather than a test",
   "limitations": [
    "the same page notes hearing is mature at birth and the infant prefers the human voice"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "concerns about vision or eye alignment go to the pediatrician, not to a range on a page",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.object_permanence.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes that \"Objects exist even when out of sight. This is a concept is called object permanence\", that \"At eight months, when you hide a toy under a scarf, they'll pick up the scarf and search for the toy underneath\", and \"To help your baby learn object permanence, play peekaboo with them\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Cognitive-Development-8-to-12-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "8-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published concept, the published example age and the published game; the AAP page is written for 8 to 12 months",
   "limitations": [
    "the page is the 8 to 12 month one, so quoting it at 7 months is a look ahead and is labelled as one",
    "the CDC's own looks-for-a-dropped-object item sits at 9 months"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.rolling_about_5m.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"These skills, which usually appear at about five months, are needed for rolling over and crawling\" and \"Most children roll from stomach to back before the opposite direction, although doing it in reverse is perfectly normal\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Movement-4-to-7-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "4-7 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published typical timing and typical order, with the AAP's own perfectly normal attached to the reverse order",
   "limitations": [
    "about five months is a typical age and not a deadline",
    "the safety consequence runs the other way and is not age gated, since swaddling stops at the first sign of trying to roll whenever that is"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "a baby who shows any sign of trying to roll is no longer swaddled",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.separation_anxiety_6m_3y.nhs.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS writes \"Separation anxiety and fear of strangers is common in young children between the ages of 6 months and 3 years\", that \"it's a normal part of your child's development and they usually grow out of it\", and that \"separation anxiety is a sign your baby now realises they're a separate person from you and how dependent they are on the people who care for them\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/babys-development/behaviour/separation-anxiety/"
   },
   "stage": "6 months-3 years",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published age band and the published framing as normal development; never a promise about any one child's timeline",
   "limitations": [
    "UK guidance. The NHS says usually grow out of it, not always and not by a stated age",
    "distress that is extreme or not easing is a conversation with a health visitor or doctor rather than a wait"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.separation_anxiety_peak.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"This is the start of separation anxiety\", that \"It usually peaks between ten and eighteen months and then fades during the last half of the second year\", and \"If anything, the predictable anxieties of this period are evidence of her healthy relationship with you\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Emotional-and-Social-Development-8-12-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "8-24 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published arc and the published reassurance; a typical peak window, never a schedule for one child",
   "limitations": [
    "the AAP peak window of 10 to 18 months and the NHS band of 6 months to 3 years are two organisations describing the same thing at different resolutions",
    "we name each rather than blending them"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.separation_anxiety_triggers.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"Your baby is more susceptible to separation anxiety when she's tired, hungry, or sick\", advises \"If you know you're going to go out, schedule your departure so that it occurs after she's napped and eaten\", and to \"try to stay with her as much as possible when she's sick\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Emotional-and-Social-Development-8-12-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "8-24 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published aggravating conditions and the published timing advice, as published",
   "limitations": [
    "the AAP publishes this as practical advice rather than a tested intervention",
    "no effect size is given and no schedule is guaranteed to work"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.sitting_4_7m.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"Hold them up or support their back with pillows as they learn to balance themselves\", \"They'll soon learn to 'tripod,' which is leaning forward as they extend their arms to balance\", and \"By six to eight months, if you position them upright, they'll stay sitting without leaning forward on their arms\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Movement-4-to-7-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "4-8 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published sequence and the published support technique; six to eight months is the AAP's band and stays a band",
   "limitations": [
    "propping with pillows here is supervised awake practice and has nothing to do with sleep, where pillows are never in the sleep area",
    "babies born preterm are tracked by corrected age"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "pillows are for supervised awake sitting practice only and never go in a sleep space",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.social_smile_2m.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes that by the second month a newborn's early expressions begin to turn into genuine signals of pleasure and friendliness, that when needs are urgent such as hunger or pain a baby will let you know by screaming, whimpering or using desperate body language, and that early self-comforting activities set the stage for self-soothing.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Emotional-and-Social-Development-Birth-to-3-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published developmental description; the self-soothing line is the AAP's and is never turned into a sleep method",
   "limitations": [
    "by the second month is a range, not a date",
    "babies vary widely on the first social smile"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to imply a baby who smiles later is behind, and never used to justify leaving a crying baby",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.tummy_time_15_30min_7w.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"Play and interact with your baby while they are awake and on their tummy 2 to 3 times each day for a short time (3 to 5 minutes)\" and \"Work up to 15 to 30 minutes each day by 7 weeks\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/back-to-sleep-tummy-to-play.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published tummy time build-up as written; awake and supervised only, and it is not a sleep position",
   "limitations": [
    "the 7 week figure is the AAP's own",
    "babies born preterm are tracked by corrected age and the page does not address that"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "tummy time is for awake and watched babies only; back sleeping for every sleep is unchanged by it",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.tummy_time_older_stronger.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"As babies grow older and stronger, they need more time on their tummies to build their own strength. Tummy time prepares babies for being able to slide on their bellies and crawl\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/back-to-sleep-tummy-to-play.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published direction of travel; the AAP attaches no minute count to older and stronger, and neither do we",
   "limitations": [
    "the only numbers this page publishes are 2 to 3 times a day for 3 to 5 minutes and working up to 15 to 30 minutes a day by 7 weeks",
    "anything past 7 weeks is more without a figure"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "tummy time is for awake and watched babies only",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.tummy_time_supervision.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"Once your baby starts participating in tummy time, be sure to provide supervision\" and \"Just remember to stay with your baby to avoid suffocation\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/The-Importance-of-Tummy-Time.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published supervision rule, which is a safety instruction rather than a developmental one",
   "limitations": [
    "read live 2026-08-17: this page does NOT connect tummy time to rolling or crawling. It says babies gain strength and flexibility and use their muscles to lift their head. The rolling and crawling link is published on a different AAP page and is cited there"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "tummy time is for awake and watched babies only; it is never a sleep position",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "dev.tummy_time.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Give supervised tummy time while your baby is awake, 2 to 3 times a day for about 3 to 5 minutes, starting from the first days home, and work up to roughly 15 to 30 minutes a day by about 7 weeks.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/Back-to-Sleep-Tummy-to-Play.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "awake, watched practice; never for sleep",
   "limitations": [
    "amounts are approximate",
    "many babies protest at first and that is normal"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "tummy position is only for awake, supervised time, never for sleep",
   "topic": "dev"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.babble_syllables_6m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Babble that sounds like single syllables, such as da-da or ba-ba, typically appears around this stage.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002008.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "babble syllables 6m"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.bath_time_naming.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "At bath time, tell your baby which part of their body you are washing, and mimic the sound of splashing water in different pitches.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/baby/learning-to-talk/learning-to-talk-6-to-12-months/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "bath time naming"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.brain_growth_before_5.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "90% of your child's brain growth takes place before they turn 5.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/baby/learning-to-talk/learning-to-talk-0-to-6-months/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "brain growth before 5"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.chat_in_home_language.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "It is important to chat with your child in the language or languages you speak at home.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/best-start-in-life/baby/learning-to-talk/first-sounds-0-to-6-months/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "chat in home language"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.children_talk_at_different_ages.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Children learn to talk at different ages, so try not to compare; if you are worried, your health visitor or a local speech and language therapy service can offer advice.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/best-start-in-life/baby/learning-to-talk/first-sounds-0-to-6-months/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "children talk at different ages"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.colic_definition.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Colic describes long bouts of crying, often more than about 3 hours a day, in a baby who is otherwise healthy, feeding, growing, and content between episodes. It is usually seen in a well, well-fed baby who may simply be extra sensitive and not yet able to self-settle. Colic is a description of a pattern, not a disease, and it does not mean something is wrong with you or your baby.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org (Crying Baby - Before 3 Months Old, symptom guide)",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/tips-tools/symptom-checker/Pages/symptomviewer.aspx?symptom=Crying+Baby+-+Before+3+Months+Old"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "authoritative pediatric guidance (AAP symptom guidance)",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis; ranges not requirements",
   "limitations": [
    "ranges vary; not a checklist for every baby",
    "colic is diagnosed only after a clinician rules out medical causes"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to imply a baby is behind; do not label crying as 'colic' when fever or illness signs are present, seek care",
   "topic": "colic (rule-of-3s description)"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.colic_resolves.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Colic usually starts in the first few weeks (often between weeks 2 and 4) and tends to improve after about 2 months, resolving by around 3 to 4 months in most babies (occasionally up to 6 months). It passes on its own as your baby matures. Because the crying can be intense and draining, check with your pediatrician to rule out other causes and to get support for yourself.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org (Colic Relief Tips for Parents)",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Pages/Colic.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "authoritative pediatric guidance (AAP)",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis; ranges not requirements",
   "limitations": [
    "ranges vary; not a checklist for every baby",
    "'it passes' does not mean skipping evaluation for illness signs"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to imply a baby is behind; do not tell a parent it is safe to wait if the baby has fever or illness signs",
   "topic": "colic passes"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.coo_laugh_4m.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "By around 4 months, many babies coo, laugh out loud, hold more eye contact, and begin coordinating hands and eyes.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002007.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "coo laugh 4m"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.copy_game_tongue_blink.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Try a simple copying game: see if your baby can copy you when you stick out your tongue or blink your eyes.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/baby/learning-to-talk/learning-to-talk-0-to-6-months/"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "copy game tongue blink"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.copying_games.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Try simple copying games: see if your baby can copy you when you stick out your tongue or blink your eyes.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/best-start-in-life/baby/learning-to-talk/first-sounds-0-to-6-months/"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "copying games"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.crying_peak_purple.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Crying normally increases in the early weeks, tends to peak around 6 weeks to 2 months, and then eases over months 3 to 5, a well-studied pattern researchers call the Period of PURPLE Crying. Some healthy, well-fed babies cry for hours a day and can be hard to soothe during this stretch; it is a passing phase, not a reflection of your parenting. Knowing the peak is coming can make it easier to ride out.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Seattle Children's Hospital, Period of PURPLE Crying (National Center on Shaken Baby Syndrome program)",
    "url": "https://www.seattlechildrens.org/health-safety/parenting/purple-education-crying/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "evidence-based prevention program (50+ years of research on normal infant crying)",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis; ranges not requirements",
   "limitations": [
    "ranges vary; not a checklist for every baby",
    "PURPLE describes normal crying; new or inconsolable crying with illness signs still needs evaluation"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to imply a baby is behind; do not use to dismiss crying paired with fever/illness",
   "topic": "crying peak (Period of PURPLE Crying)"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.developmental_variation.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Milestones are helpful general guides, not a schedule every baby must match: healthy babies reach them across a range of ages and sometimes in their own order. A baby who does something a bit later than a chart or another baby is usually developing just fine. Trust your day-to-day sense of your child, and bring any real concerns to your pediatrician, who can check things early.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org (Movement Milestones: Birth to 3 Months)",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Movement-Birth-to-Three-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "authoritative pediatric guidance (AAP)",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis; ranges not requirements",
   "limitations": [
    "ranges vary; not a checklist for every baby",
    "reassurance about variation does not replace acting early on genuine concerns"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to imply a baby is behind; do not use to discourage a parent from raising a real concern with their pediatrician",
   "topic": "developmental variation / on their own clock"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.early_singing_learns_sounds.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Early exposure to singing helps your baby learn sounds, so sing to your baby close up and face to face.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/best-start-in-life/baby/learning-to-talk/first-sounds-0-to-6-months/"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "early singing learns sounds"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.encourage_copying.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "If your baby starts to copy you, encourage them and repeat what they say.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/baby/learning-to-talk/learning-to-talk-6-to-12-months/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "encourage copying"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.evening_fussiness.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Many babies are fussiest in the late afternoon and evening, sometimes called the 'witching hour', which is a recognized feature of normal newborn crying (the 'E,' Evening, in the Period of PURPLE Crying). It can come and go without an obvious reason and often eases as your baby moves past the early-weeks crying peak. Calm routines, lower light, and gentle soothing can help you both through it.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Seattle Children's Hospital, Period of PURPLE Crying (National Center on Shaken Baby Syndrome program)",
    "url": "https://www.seattlechildrens.org/health-safety/parenting/purple-education-crying/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "evidence-based prevention program (National Center on Shaken Baby Syndrome)",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis; ranges not requirements",
   "limitations": [
    "ranges vary; not a checklist for every baby",
    "normal evening fussiness is different from crying with fever or illness signs"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to imply a baby is behind; do not use to dismiss inconsolable crying paired with illness",
   "topic": "witching hour / evening fussiness"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.everyday_items_play.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Play with everyday items together: you could put some in a bag and talk about what they are as your child pulls them out, or join in games like peekaboo.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/best-start-in-life/baby/learning-to-talk/listening-and-learning-6-to-12-months/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "everyday items play"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.face_to_face_speech.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Face-to-face time helps your baby see your face as you talk, which can help them understand how you make sounds so they can start making them too.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/baby/learning-to-talk/learning-to-talk-0-to-6-months/"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "face to face speech"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.gestures_aid_understanding.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Add gestures as you talk, like waving when you say hello or goodbye: gestures help your baby understand better, and they might start copying you before they use the words.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/baby/learning-to-talk/learning-to-talk-6-to-12-months/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "gestures aid understanding"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.grasp_and_mouth_4m.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "By around 4 months, many babies can grasp a rattle with both hands and start bringing objects to their mouth.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002007.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "grasp and mouth 4m"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.hand_transfer_6m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "By around 6 months, many babies pass objects from one hand to the other and push up on their hands during tummy time, a move that often shows up by 4 months.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002008.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "hand transfer 6m"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.head_control.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Head control builds gradually over the first months. Newborns have little neck strength and need their head supported, and by around 2 months most babies can lift their head while lying on their tummy, with steadier control developing over the following weeks. Regular supervised tummy time helps build the neck and upper-body strength this takes.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org (Movement Milestones: Birth to 3 Months)",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Movement-Birth-to-Three-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "authoritative pediatric guidance (AAP)",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis; ranges not requirements",
   "limitations": [
    "ranges vary; not a checklist for every baby",
    "always support a newborn's head and neck"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to imply a baby is behind",
   "topic": "head control"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.head_steady_roll_4m.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "By around 4 months, babies typically hold their head steady when sitting supported, lift their head 90 degrees during tummy time, and may start rolling from front to back.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002007.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "head steady roll 4m"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.hearing_responds_to_sound.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Babies are listening from their very first days: newborns often startle or quiet to a familiar voice and react to loud sounds. Because hearing is the foundation for learning to talk, every U.S. newborn is offered a hearing screening, usually within the first day or two of life. If you ever feel your baby isn't responding to sounds or your voice, mention it to your pediatrician.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org (Hearing Screening for Newborns: AAP Policy Explained)",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Purpose-of-Newborn-Hearing-Screening.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "authoritative pediatric guidance (AAP); newborn screening mandated in all 50 states",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis; ranges not requirements",
   "limitations": [
    "ranges vary; not a checklist for every baby",
    "behavioral responses to sound do not replace formal hearing screening"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to imply a baby is behind",
   "topic": "hearing and responding to sound"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.listening_carefully_6_12m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Between 6 and 12 months your baby starts to listen more carefully, and they love it when you take the time to chat, play and read with them.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/baby/learning-to-talk/learning-to-talk-6-to-12-months/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "listening carefully 6 12m"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.listening_more_carefully.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Between 6 and 12 months your baby will start to listen more carefully, and they will love it when you take the time to chat, play and read with them.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/best-start-in-life/baby/learning-to-talk/listening-and-learning-6-to-12-months/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "listening more carefully"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.name_foods_at_mealtimes.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "At mealtimes, use simple words and repeat the name of the food: your baby is learning to connect the words you use with the food they are eating.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/best-start-in-life/baby/learning-to-talk/listening-and-learning-6-to-12-months/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "name foods at mealtimes"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.name_foods_mealtimes.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "At mealtimes, talk to your baby and repeat the name of the food: your baby is learning to connect the words you use with the food they are eating.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/baby/learning-to-talk/learning-to-talk-6-to-12-months/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "name foods mealtimes"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.nappy_change_face_time.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Changing your baby's nappy is a special time to bond and gives you valuable face-to-face time: talk to your baby about what you are doing.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/baby/learning-to-talk/learning-to-talk-0-to-6-months/"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "nappy change face time"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.nappy_change_talk_time.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Nappy changing is a special time to bond and spend face-to-face time together: talk about what you are doing, and use the same words and actions to help your baby learn through repetition.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/best-start-in-life/baby/learning-to-talk/first-sounds-0-to-6-months/"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "nappy change talk time"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.narrate_what_you_see.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "When you are out together, talk about what you see and mention what your baby is looking at, for example: 'Look! There's a dog, woof woof'.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/baby/learning-to-talk/learning-to-talk-6-to-12-months/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "narrate what you see"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.newborn_vision.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Newborns see best at about 8 to 12 inches away, roughly the distance to your face during feeding, and are especially drawn to faces, light, and movement. Their eyes may sometimes wander or cross in the early weeks as they learn to work together, which usually settles by about 2 to 3 months. By around 3 months many babies can fix on faces and follow a moving object with their eyes.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org (Infant Vision Development: What Can Babies See?)",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Babys-Vision-Development.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "authoritative pediatric guidance (AAP)",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis; ranges not requirements",
   "limitations": [
    "ranges vary; not a checklist for every baby",
    "occasional early eye-wandering is normal but persistent crossing after ~3 months should be checked"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to imply a baby is behind",
   "topic": "newborn vision"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.object_permanence_6m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Around this stage, babies begin to realize that a dropped object is still there and just needs to be picked up.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002008.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "object permanence 6m"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.out_and_about_naming.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "When you are out and about, talk about what you see and mention what your baby is looking at, adding playful sounds like woof woof or brmm, brmm.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/best-start-in-life/baby/learning-to-talk/listening-and-learning-6-to-12-months/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "out and about naming"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.peekaboo_words.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Join in playtime activities like peekaboo, saying things like 'Where are you? There you are!'.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/baby/learning-to-talk/learning-to-talk-6-to-12-months/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "peekaboo words"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.play_ideas_4m.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Easy play for a baby around 4 months: time in front of a mirror, bright toys to hold, repeating the sounds your baby makes, and helping them practice rolling over.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002007.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "play ideas 4m"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.play_ideas_6m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Good play for this stage: peek-a-boo, an unbreakable mirror, and large bright toys that make noise or have moving parts, avoiding toys with small parts.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002008.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "play ideas 6m"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.point_and_name.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Out and about, watch your baby's face to see what interests them: their attention shifts quickly, but if something catches their eye, point to it and tell them what it is.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/baby/learning-to-talk/learning-to-talk-0-to-6-months/"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "point and name"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.reading_from_birth.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "It is never too early to read together: the AAP recommends sharing books from birth onward. For a newborn, the magic is your voice and closeness, not finishing the story, so cuddle up and read in short, cozy bursts. This early habit supports bonding, a sense of security, and future language and literacy.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org (How to Share Books With Your Baby)",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/how-to-share-books-with-your-baby.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "authoritative pediatric guidance (AAP)",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis; ranges not requirements",
   "limitations": [
    "ranges vary; not a checklist for every baby"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to imply a baby is behind",
   "topic": "reading from birth"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.repetition_builds_words.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Babies love to hear the same songs and rhymes over and over again: they need lots of repetition to learn words, so do not worry about repeating yourself.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/baby/learning-to-talk/learning-to-talk-0-to-6-months/"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "repetition builds words"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.reply_starts_conversations.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Your baby makes sounds and faces to show you when they are interested in something: replying with words and movements to show you have noticed is the start of having conversations together.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/baby/learning-to-talk/learning-to-talk-0-to-6-months/"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "reply starts conversations"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.responsive_caregiving_trust.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "When you respond to your baby's smiles, sounds, and cries, you teach them that they matter, that they can trust you, and that they have some effect on their world. This warm back-and-forth is the foundation of secure attachment and early learning. There is no downside to prompt, loving responses in these early months.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org (Emotional & Social Development: Birth Through 3 Months)",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Emotional-and-Social-Development-Birth-to-3-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "authoritative pediatric guidance (AAP)",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis; ranges not requirements",
   "limitations": [
    "ranges vary; not a checklist for every baby"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to imply a baby is behind",
   "topic": "responsive caregiving builds trust"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.roll_back_to_front_7m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Rolling from back to stomach typically comes in by 7 months.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002008.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "roll back to front 7m"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.safe_sleep_back.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Always place your baby on their back for every sleep, naps and nighttime alike, on a firm, flat surface cleared of blankets, pillows, and soft toys. Back sleeping is the single most protective habit against SIDS. Tummy time is for supervised, awake play; sleep is always on the back.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org (Back to Sleep, Tummy to Play)",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/back-to-sleep-tummy-to-play.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "authoritative pediatric guidance (AAP safe-sleep)",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis; ranges not requirements",
   "limitations": [
    "ranges vary; not a checklist for every baby",
    "back sleep is one part of the full AAP safe-sleep guidance (firm flat surface, no soft bedding)"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to imply a baby is behind; do not advise stomach or side sleep for a well baby",
   "topic": "back to sleep for every sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.screen_time_avoid.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "For babies, the advice is simple: avoid television and other screen time until age 2 years.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002007.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "screen time avoid"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.screen_time_under_2.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Avoid screen time for your baby or toddler; if you do use screens, use them for shared activities that encourage bonding and interaction.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/best-start-in-life/baby/learning-to-talk/first-sounds-0-to-6-months/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "screen time under 2"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.short_attention_is_normal.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "When you are out and about, watch your baby's face to see what interests them: they will not focus for long and their attention shifts quickly, but if something catches their eye, point to it and tell them what it is.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/best-start-in-life/baby/learning-to-talk/first-sounds-0-to-6-months/"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "short attention is normal"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.simple_picture_books.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Look at very simple picture books with your child together and describe the pictures to your baby.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/baby/learning-to-talk/learning-to-talk-6-to-12-months/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "simple picture books"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.singsong_voice_early_speech.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Using exaggerated, sing-song ups and downs in your voice helps your baby follow the movements of your mouth and supports their early speech development.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/best-start-in-life/baby/learning-to-talk/first-sounds-0-to-6-months/"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "singsong voice early speech"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.sitting_with_support_6m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "By around 6 months, babies can usually sit in a high chair with a straight back and sit on the floor with lower back support.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002008.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "sitting with support 6m"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.skin_to_skin_contact.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Holding your baby skin-to-skin (kangaroo care) can steady their heartbeat and breathing, keep them warm, support calmer sleep and less crying, and encourage breastfeeding, while releasing bonding hormones for you. Both parents can do it, and benefits show up even with just a few minutes a day. Especially valued for premature babies, gentle skin-to-skin time is comforting for healthy newborns too.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org (Skin-to-Skin Contact: How Kangaroo Care Benefits Your Baby)",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/preemie/Pages/About-Skin-to-Skin-Care.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "authoritative pediatric guidance (AAP); strongest evidence base in preterm/NICU care",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis; ranges not requirements",
   "limitations": [
    "ranges vary; not a checklist for every baby",
    "source content centers on premature/NICU infants; apply general comfort benefits to healthy newborns",
    "always keep baby's airway clear and caregiver awake during skin-to-skin"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to imply a baby is behind; do not do skin-to-skin while drowsy in an unsafe position (fall/suffocation risk)",
   "topic": "skin-to-skin / kangaroo care"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.sleep_pattern_4m.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "By around 4 months, a typical pattern is 9 to 10 hours of sleep at night plus 2 daytime naps, about 14 to 16 hours in total per day.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002007.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "sleep pattern 4m"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.soothing_motion_sway.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Rhythmic motion (rocking, swaying, or walking with your baby in your arms or a safe carrier) often soothes crying because it mimics the movement your baby felt before birth. Baby-wearing can free your hands while keeping your little one close and calm. Gentle motion is safe soothing; never shake a baby in an attempt to calm them.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org (How to Calm a Fussy Baby)",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Pages/Calming-A-Fussy-Baby.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "authoritative pediatric guidance (AAP)",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis; ranges not requirements",
   "limitations": [
    "ranges vary; not a checklist for every baby"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to imply a baby is behind; never shake a baby, gentle rocking only",
   "topic": "soothing: motion / rocking / swaying"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.soothing_shush_whitenoise.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Gentle, steady sound (soft shushing, a fan, or a white-noise device) can calm a fussy baby because it recalls the constant whooshing they heard in the womb. Keep any sound machine at a low volume and across the room rather than next to your baby's ears. Pair it with holding or rocking for extra comfort.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org (How to Calm a Fussy Baby)",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Pages/Calming-A-Fussy-Baby.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "authoritative pediatric guidance (AAP)",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis; ranges not requirements",
   "limitations": [
    "ranges vary; not a checklist for every baby",
    "low-volume/distance caution is general safe-noise guidance"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to imply a baby is behind; do not place a sound machine at high volume close to a baby's ears",
   "topic": "soothing: shushing / white noise"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.soothing_side_stomach_hold.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Holding your awake baby on their side or stomach, cradled along your forearm or against your chest, can be soothing while you are holding and watching them. This position is only for calming while awake and supervised. For every sleep, always lay your baby down on their back: side and stomach positions belong in your arms, never in the crib.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org (How to Calm a Fussy Baby)",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Pages/Calming-A-Fussy-Baby.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "authoritative pediatric guidance (AAP)",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis; ranges not requirements",
   "limitations": [
    "ranges vary; not a checklist for every baby",
    "side/stomach is a holding position only, never a sleep position"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to imply a baby is behind; never lay a baby down to sleep on the side or stomach",
   "topic": "soothing: side/stomach hold while awake"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.soothing_sucking.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Many babies calm themselves through sucking, so offering a pacifier or helping your baby find their own hand or finger can ease fussiness. Sucking is a natural self-soothing reflex, not a bad habit. If you're breastfeeding, it is generally fine to offer a pacifier once feeding is well established.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org (How to Calm a Fussy Baby)",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Pages/Calming-A-Fussy-Baby.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "authoritative pediatric guidance (AAP)",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis; ranges not requirements",
   "limitations": [
    "ranges vary; not a checklist for every baby",
    "timing of pacifier use with breastfeeding is general AAP guidance"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to imply a baby is behind",
   "topic": "soothing: sucking / pacifier"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.stranger_wariness_6m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Around this stage babies often begin to be wary of strangers and to imitate actions and sounds; both are expected markers of development.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002008.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "stranger wariness 6m"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.talk_sing_during_feeds.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Your baby loves hearing your voice and watching your face, so try talking and singing to them while feeding.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/baby/learning-to-talk/learning-to-talk-0-to-6-months/"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "talk sing during feeds"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.talking_ages_vary.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Children learn to talk at different ages: if you are worried, speak to your health visitor or contact a speech and language therapy service for advice.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/baby/learning-to-talk/learning-to-talk-6-to-12-months/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "talking ages vary"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.tummy_time_benefits.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Short sessions of supervised, awake tummy time build the neck, shoulder, and trunk strength behind head control and, later, rolling and crawling. It also gives your baby's head a break from resting in one position. Always stay with your baby during tummy time, and remember that every sleep still goes on the back.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org (Back to Sleep, Tummy to Play)",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/back-to-sleep-tummy-to-play.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "authoritative pediatric guidance (AAP)",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis; ranges not requirements",
   "limitations": [
    "ranges vary; not a checklist for every baby",
    "tummy time is for supervised, awake play only, never for sleep"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to imply a baby is behind; do not place a baby on the stomach to sleep",
   "topic": "tummy time benefits"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.turn_taking_play.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Encourage your baby to play with you by taking turns: you might splash the water and say 'splash, splash', then wait to see if they copy you.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/baby/learning-to-talk/learning-to-talk-6-to-12-months/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "turn taking play"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.vision_6m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "At around 6 months, vision is typically between 20/60 and 20/40.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002008.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "vision 6m"
  },
  {
   "id": "development.weight_doubles_4m.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "By about 4 months, weight gain slows to roughly 20 grams a day, and a typical baby weighs about 2 times their birth weight.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002007.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "weight doubles 4m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.allergen_delay_risk.nhs.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS writes \"Evidence has shown that delaying the introduction of peanut and hen's eggs beyond 6 to 12 months may increase the risk of developing an allergy to these foods\", advises introducing trigger foods one at a time so a reaction can be spotted, and lists \"nuts and peanuts (serve them finely ground or as nut butters)\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/weaning-and-feeding/food-allergies-in-babies-and-young-children/"
   },
   "stage": "6-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the NHS's own may increase the risk, kept as may; and the NHS's own serving form for nuts",
   "limitations": [
    "UK guidance, and it is a stronger statement than the AAP's on the same question: the AAP publishes no evidence that waiting prevents allergy, the NHS publishes evidence that waiting may raise risk. We show both with their owners rather than merging them"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "whole nuts and peanuts are a choking hazard and are never given to a baby",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.allergen_no_delay_evidence.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"There is no evidence that waiting to introduce baby-safe (soft) foods, such as eggs, dairy, soy, peanut products or fish, beyond 4 to 6 months of age prevents food allergy\" and \"testing for peanut allergy is recommended for babies with severe eczema and/or egg allergy. Check with your child's doctor about how and when to give peanut products\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/Starting-Solid-Foods.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published absence of evidence for delay, and the published exception that routes to a doctor; the exception is part of the claim and never travels without it",
   "limitations": [
    "no evidence that waiting prevents allergy is not the same claim as early introduction prevents allergy, and we never upgrade one into the other",
    "a baby with severe eczema or a known egg allergy is tested first"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "a baby with severe eczema or egg allergy does not start peanut at home before speaking to their doctor",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.bf_on_demand_no_overfeed.v1",
   "statement": "It is fine to breastfeed whenever your baby is hungry; it is not possible to overfeed a breastfed baby.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding/the-first-few-days/"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "permission to feed responsively at the breast, scoped to breastfeeding only",
   "limitations": [
    "UK source",
    "statement applies to feeding at the breast, not to bottles of expressed milk or formula"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "not a statement about bottle feeding, where pacing and cue-watching still matter",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.bottle_to_cup_12_18m.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"Ideally, this transition will begin around 6 months, when you offer your child a cup for the first time. You will then reduce the number of bottle feedings slowly, completing the transition sometime between 12 and 18 months\", advises to \"Gradually eliminate bottle feedings at other times, especially naps or bedtime\", and writes \"Little ones who sip on bottles during the day often don't feel hungry at mealtime. This may mean they're getting less of the fiber and rich nutrients found in solid foods\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/Discontinuing-the-Bottle.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "6-18 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published timing, the published method and the published reason; a range for completing the change, never a deadline for one child",
   "limitations": [
    "the same page also names early childhood caries, weight and tooth alignment among the risks of prolonged bottle use, so the meal crowding reason is one of several rather than the whole case",
    "breastfeeding is not a bottle and this claim says nothing about it"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.breastfed_intervals_satiety.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC writes \"On average, most exclusively breastfed babies will feed every 2 to 4 hours\", that they may have a longer sleep interval of 4 to 5 hours, that \"Babies will generally take what they need at each feeding and stop eating when they are full\", and \"They should seem content and drowsy after feeding when they have had enough milk\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/breastfeeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "published averages and published signs of a finished feed; never a quota, and content-and-drowsy is a sign the CDC names, not a test we invented",
   "limitations": [
    "an average is not a target for one baby",
    "the same page routes concerns about how much a baby sleeps or eats to a doctor or nurse, and weight gain rather than counted hours is what a clinician actually checks"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.breastfeed_frequency.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC writes that a breastfed baby will feed about 8 to 12 times in 24 hours.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/breastfeeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published frequency; a description of a typical day, not a target",
   "limitations": [
    "CDC pages return HTTP 403 to direct fetch",
    "read on 2026-08-16 through a second fetch path",
    "the same page notes some babies may feed as often as every hour at times, which is a separate claim"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to judge a baby feeding more or less often; feeding concerns go to a clinician or lactation consultant",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.burp_intervals.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "AAP burping rhythm: bottle-fed babies after every 2 to 3 ounces; breastfed babies when switching breasts; some breastfed babies may not need burping.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/baby-burping-hiccups-and-spit-up.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "burp-break cadence as published by the AAP",
   "limitations": [
    "a rhythm, not a rule",
    "babies vary"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.choking_hazard_list.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC lists among foods to avoid for young children \"Uncut grapes, berries, cherries, or melon balls\" and \"Hot dogs, meat sticks, or sausages\", alongside whole nuts, chunks of nut butters, tough chunks of meat and large pieces of cheese.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/foods-and-drinks/choking-hazards.html"
   },
   "stage": "6 months-4 years",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published avoid list as published; the CDC names uncut round foods as the hazard and publishes no cutting instruction, so no size or method is stated in our voice",
   "limitations": [
    "read live 2026-08-17: the page lists uncut round foods to avoid and does NOT publish cut them into small pieces. The page was rewritten on 2026-08-17 to stop attributing a cutting instruction to the CDC"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "whole nuts and uncut round foods are never given to a baby",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.cluster_cdc.0_1m.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC writes that some babies may feed as often as every hour at times, often called cluster feeding.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/breastfeeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-1 month",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "a second organization describing the same pattern, quoted in its own words rather than merged with the first",
   "limitations": [
    "the CDC page returns HTTP 403 to direct fetch and was read on 2026-08-16 through a second fetch path, same handling as the ACOG and Mayo notes in PIPELINE.md"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "not a threshold and not a reassurance about any individual baby",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.cluster_definition.0_1m.v1",
   "statement": "USDA WIC writes that when feedings are bunched together, especially in the evening, it is called cluster feeding, and that while it may seem like a lot, it is normal.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/cluster-feeding-and-growth-spurts"
   },
   "stage": "0-1 month",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the source's own definition and its normalizing framing; never a statement that any individual baby's pattern is fine",
   "limitations": [
    "the page addresses breastfeeding",
    "bottle-fed babies also cluster, but this source does not say so"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to dismiss a parent worried about intake, weight, or a baby too sleepy to feed",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.cluster_evening_frequency.0_1m.v1",
   "statement": "USDA WIC writes that some babies may want to nurse every 30 minutes to an hour in the evenings, that this is normal, that it does not mean the baby is not getting enough milk, and that it may be the baby's way of filling up before a longer sleep at night.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/cluster-feeding-and-growth-spurts"
   },
   "stage": "0-1 month",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "published frequency and the reassurance attached to it by the source",
   "limitations": [
    "some babies, not all",
    "the phrase 'may be' is the source's and is kept"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "the enough-milk signs govern, not this reassurance; fewer wet diapers or weight concerns route to the pediatrician",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.coarser_textures_8m.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"At about eight months, you may want to introduce foods that are slightly coarser than strained pureed foods\", noting these foods require more chewing than baby foods.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/Sample-One-Day-Menu-for-an-8-to-12-Month-Old.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "8-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published timing and the published reason; may want to is the AAP's phrasing and is not upgraded to should",
   "limitations": [
    "coarser is not the same as chunky, and the separate AAP choking list still governs what may be on the tray at all",
    "babies vary widely in when they manage texture"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "the AAP choking prevention list governs regardless of texture stage",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.colostrum_first_days.v1",
   "statement": "In the first days, colostrum is thick and concentrated, so a baby needs only about a teaspoonful per feed; newborns may want to feed very often, sometimes every hour, then settle into fewer, longer feeds once mature milk comes in after a few days.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding/the-first-few-days/"
   },
   "stage": "0-1 month",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "normalizing description of early breastfeeding, not a volume target",
   "limitations": [
    "UK source",
    "timing of milk transition varies"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "concerns about supply, latch, or a sleepy baby who will not wake to feed go to the clinician or lactation consultant",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.complementary_6m.who.v1",
   "statement": "The WHO writes that from around the age of 6 months \"additional (complementary) foods are necessary to meet those needs\" and advises to \"continue frequent breastfeeding up to 2 years of age or beyond\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "WHO",
    "url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infant-and-young-child-feeding"
   },
   "stage": "6 months-2 years",
   "jurisdiction": "global",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the WHO's own timing and its own continuation advice; a global recommendation, not a US or UK one",
   "limitations": [
    "the WHO writes for a global population including settings with different food and water safety",
    "where the AAP, NHS and WHO differ we name each rather than reporting a consensus that does not exist"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.enough_milk_signs.0_1m.v1",
   "statement": "Signs a nursing newborn is well fed: loses no more than 8 to 10 percent of birth weight in the first days before starting to gain, has 6 or more wet diapers a day with pale urine by 5 to 7 days old, seems satisfied for about 1 to 3 hours between feeds, and nurses at least 8 to 12 times in 24 hours.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/breastfeeding/Pages/How-to-Tell-if-Baby-is-Getting-Enough-Milk.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-1 month",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "reassurance checklist that feeding is on track, verified at the newborn checkup",
   "limitations": [
    "weight is confirmed on the pediatrician's scale, not at home",
    "diaper counts are a guide, not a verdict"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "fewer wet diapers, dark urine, or a baby too sleepy to feed is a same-day clinician call, not a wait-and-see",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.formula_amount_per_pound.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes that a baby needs \"about 2 and a half ounces (75 mL) of infant formula a day for every pound (453 g) of body weight\", that \"Your baby should usually drink no more than an average of about 32 ounces (960 mL) of formula in 24 hours\", and that by 6 months \"Your baby will consume 6 to 8 ounces (180 to 240 mL) at each of 4 or 5 feedings in 24 hours\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/formula-feeding/Pages/Amount-and-Schedule-of-Formula-Feedings.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "published averages and a published ceiling; an average per pound is a starting point for a conversation with a clinician, never a prescription we compute for a named baby",
   "limitations": [
    "the AAP writes usually and on average",
    "a baby consistently at or above the ceiling, or well below it, is a call to the pediatrician rather than an arithmetic problem"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "LEELALU never computes a feeding volume for a specific baby",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.formula_amounts.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Formula-fed babies typically take about 1 to 2 ounces per feed in the first week, build to about 3 to 4 ounces roughly every 3 to 4 hours by the end of the first month, and by 6 months take about 6 to 8 ounces at each of 4 or 5 feedings in 24 hours.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/formula-feeding/Pages/Amount-and-Schedule-of-Formula-Feedings.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "descriptive ranges, not a prescription; the baby's cues lead",
   "limitations": [
    "averages with wide normal variation",
    "growth is tracked by the pediatrician, not by ounces alone"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "persistent refusal to feed or concerns about weight go to the pediatrician",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.formula_frequency.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC writes to start by offering 1 to 2 ounces of infant formula every 2 to 3 hours in the first days of life, that most formula-fed newborns feed 8 to 12 times in 24 hours, that most formula-fed infants feed about every 3 to 4 hours in the first weeks and months, and that as a baby grows they drink more at each feeding and the time between feedings gets longer.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/formula-feeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published pattern and its direction of travel, never a schedule any baby must hit",
   "limitations": [
    "CDC pages return HTTP 403 to direct fetch",
    "read on 2026-08-16 through a second fetch path, same handling PIPELINE.md records for ACOG and Mayo",
    "the CDC says amounts and frequency are individual and routes specifics to the pediatrician"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to override a pediatrician's feeding plan or to judge a baby's intake",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.growth_spurts_timing.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "USDA WIC writes that growth spurts typically happen when a baby is around 2 to 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months old, that a given baby's spurts may not happen at those exact times, and that spurts usually last a few days.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/cluster-feeding-and-growth-spurts"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "weak",
   "permitted_meaning": "the source list reproduced in full, with the source's own caveat attached",
   "limitations": [
    "the page publishes four ages",
    "an earlier version of this article printed only three, dropping 6 months, and was corrected on 2026-08-16. Trimming a source list to fit a sentence is the same defect as trimming an escalation list"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to explain away fussiness or poor feeding that worries a parent",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.hunger_cues_late_cry.v1",
   "statement": "Typical hunger cues include licking lips, sticking the tongue out, rooting, putting hands to the mouth, opening the mouth, fussiness, and sucking on everything nearby; crying is a late sign of hunger and can make it harder for a baby to settle and eat.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/How-Often-and-How-Much-Should-Your-Baby-Eat.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "cue list so parents can feed before crying, not a test they can fail",
   "limitations": [
    "not every cry or suck means hunger",
    "babies also suck for comfort"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.hunger_fullness_cues.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "For babies birth to 5 months the CDC lists signs of hunger as putting their hands to their mouth, turning their head toward the breast or bottle, puckering, smacking or licking lips, and having clenched hands, and signs of fullness as closing their mouth, turning their head away from the breast or bottle, and relaxing their hands.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/mealtime/signs-your-child-is-hungry-or-full.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-5 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "both published lists, kept as two lists because the source keeps them as two",
   "limitations": [
    "CDC pages return HTTP 403 to direct fetch",
    "read on 2026-08-16 through a second fetch path, same handling PIPELINE.md records for ACOG and Mayo",
    "the lists are age-scoped to birth through 5 months on the source page"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "cues are a guide, not a test a parent can fail; feeding concerns go to the clinician",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.milk_until_6m.nhs.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS writes that \"breast milk or first infant formula provide the energy and nutrients your baby needs until they're around 6 months old\", that when solids start a baby will \"still be getting most of their energy and nutrients from breast milk or infant formula\", and that \"Giving your baby a variety of foods, alongside breast or formula milk, from around 6 months of age will help set your child up for a lifetime of healthier eating\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published relationship between milk and first foods: solids join, they do not replace",
   "limitations": [
    "UK guidance",
    "the NHS says around 6 months rather than at 6 months, and the word around is kept"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.responsive_feeding.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes that for most healthy, full-term infants parents can look to their baby rather than the clock for hunger cues, which it calls feeding on demand or responsive feeding, and that pausing gives a baby a chance to realize when they are full.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/How-Often-and-How-Much-Should-Your-Baby-Eat.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the approach as published, including the scope limit the AAP puts on it",
   "limitations": [
    "the AAP scopes this to most healthy, full-term infants and says babies born early or with certain medical conditions are better served by scheduled feedings advised by their pediatrician",
    "that scope is part of the claim, not a footnote"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never presented as overriding a pediatrician's feeding plan",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.sample_menu_8_12m.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP sample one day menu for an 8 to 12 month old is built around \"roughly 24 ounces (720 mL) a day\" of breast milk or formula, with solid food portions of \"2 to 4 ounces\" per component.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/Sample-One-Day-Menu-for-an-8-to-12-Month-Old.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "8-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published shape of one sample day; it is an example menu, never a prescription and never a target to hit",
   "limitations": [
    "the AAP publishes this as a sample, and a baby who eats more or less than it is not off plan",
    "appetite varies day to day and weight gain rather than counted ounces is what a clinician checks"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "LEELALU never sets a daily amount for a specific baby",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.solids_readiness_6m.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC writes that a child can begin eating solid foods at about 6 months, and lists readiness signs as sitting up alone or with support, controlling head and neck, opening the mouth when offered food, swallowing food rather than pushing it back out onto the chin, bringing objects to the mouth, trying to grasp small objects, and moving food from the front to the back of the tongue to swallow.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/foods-and-drinks/when-what-and-how-to-introduce-solid-foods.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-8 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "age plus the full published readiness list; readiness leads and the calendar follows",
   "limitations": [
    "CDC pages return HTTP 403 to direct fetch",
    "read on 2026-08-16 through a second fetch path, same handling PIPELINE.md records for ACOG and Mayo",
    "about 6 months, not exactly 6 months"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "starting earlier than the source says is a pediatrician conversation, never an article decision",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.solids_readiness_aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"Can they hold their head up? Your baby should be able to sit in a high chair, a feeding seat or an infant seat with good head control\" and \"Do they open their mouth when food comes their way?\", and advises \"Introduce one 'single-ingredient' new food from any food group every 3 to 5 days. Look out for any reactions\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/Starting-Solid-Foods.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the AAP's published readiness questions and its published pacing for new foods",
   "limitations": [
    "readiness is a set of signs and not a birthday",
    "babies born preterm are assessed by their clinician rather than by a calendar"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.supply_frequent_feeding.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC writes that frequent feeding helps increase your milk supply.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/breastfeeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "exactly what the page says and no more; LEELALU does not extend it into a mechanism, a schedule, or a promise about any parent's supply",
   "limitations": [
    "the CDC page returns HTTP 403 to direct fetch and was read on 2026-08-16 through a second fetch path, same handling as the ACOG and Mayo notes in PIPELINE.md",
    "the earlier version of this claim said the CDC describes supply as calibrating itself against demand rather than the clock, which the page does not say, and that wording was removed on 2026-08-16"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to tell a parent worried about supply that more feeding will fix it; supply concerns go to a clinician or lactation consultant",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.three_meals_textures.nhs.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS writes \"From about 7 months, your baby will gradually move towards eating 3 meals a day (breakfast, lunch and tea), in addition to their usual milk feeds, which may be around 4 a day\" and \"try to move your baby on from pureed or blended foods to mashed, lumpy or finger foods as soon as they can manage them\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "6-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published progression, with as soon as they can manage them attached; a direction of travel and not a deadline",
   "limitations": [
    "UK guidance. The same page says some babies need longer to get used to new textures and may prefer smooth food on a spoon at first, which is part of the claim and not an exception to it"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.toddler_serving_sizes.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"The child's serving size should be approximately one-quarter of an adult's\" and gives as an example \"One ounce of meat, or 2 to 3 tablespoons of beans\", \"One to 2 tablespoons of vegetables\", \"One to 2 tablespoons of fruit\" and \"One-quarter slice of bread\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/toddler/nutrition/Pages/Serving-Sizes-for-Toddlers.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "12-36 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published example portions and the published one-quarter rule; an illustration of scale, never a quota a child must finish",
   "limitations": [
    "appetite varies enormously day to day at this age and the AAP publishes this as a serving size rather than an intake target",
    "a child who eats less than a listed portion is not underfed by that fact"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "LEELALU never sets an amount a child must eat",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.upright_after.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Keeping a baby upright for 10 to 15 minutes after a feed helps reduce spit-up.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/baby-burping-hiccups-and-spit-up.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "post-feed positioning habit as published by the AAP",
   "limitations": [
    "reduces, not eliminates",
    "some spit-up is normal in healthy babies"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "upright holding is awake positioning; sleep remains on the back on a flat surface",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.variety_and_finger_foods.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"Within a few months of starting solid foods, your baby's daily diet should include a variety of foods, such as breast milk, formula or both; meats; cereal; vegetables; fruits; eggs; and fish\" and \"Once your baby can sit up and bring their hands or other objects to their mouth, you can give them finger foods to help them learn to feed themselves\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/Starting-Solid-Foods.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "6-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published variety list and the published readiness signs for finger foods; readiness is the two signs named, not an age",
   "limitations": [
    "the AAP list includes eggs and fish, which are also allergens, so it is read together with the allergen rows rather than instead of them",
    "choking hazards are a separate CDC list and apply to every finger food"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "whole nuts and the uncut round foods on the CDC choking list are never finger foods",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.wake_to_feed_4_5h.0_1m.v1",
   "statement": "In the first few weeks, if a formula-fed baby sleeps longer than 4 to 5 hours and starts missing feedings, wake them up and offer a bottle.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/formula-feeding/Pages/Amount-and-Schedule-of-Formula-Feedings.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-1 month",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "time-bounded instruction for the first weeks only",
   "limitations": [
    "source page addresses formula feeding",
    "clinicians give equivalent early-weeks advice for breastfed babies, ask yours",
    "once weight gain is established the pediatrician may lift this"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "a baby who is difficult to wake for feeds is a same-day clinician call",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.wake_to_feed_concern.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC writes that at first babies need to eat every 2 to 4 hours to help them get enough nutrition and to grow, that you may need to wake your baby to feed, and \"If you have concerns about how much your baby is sleeping or eating, talk to their doctor or nurse\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/breastfeeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the CDC's own routing to a doctor or nurse; it is a call-someone instruction, never a diagnosis and never a feeding schedule",
   "limitations": [
    "the CDC scopes this with \"at first\" and does not name 2 months",
    "applying it to an 8 week old is LEELALU carrying the instruction forward, and the routing it produces is the same either way"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feed.who_meal_frequency.who.v1",
   "statement": "The WHO advises \"2 to 3 meals per day for infants 6 to 8 months of age and 3 to 4 meals per day for infants 9 to 23 months of age, with 1 to 2 additional snacks as required\", alongside continued frequent breastfeeding up to 2 years of age or beyond.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "WHO",
    "url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infant-and-young-child-feeding"
   },
   "stage": "6-23 months",
   "jurisdiction": "global",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the WHO's own meal frequency bands and its own as required on snacks; a global recommendation, named as the WHO's",
   "limitations": [
    "the WHO writes for a global population",
    "where the AAP sample menu and the WHO meal counts describe the same day differently we show both with their owners rather than reconciling them"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.aap_exclusive_6_months.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends only breast milk for the first 6 months, then continuing breastfeeding while adding complementary foods at about 6 months.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/weaning-your-baby"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "aap exclusive 6 months"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.allergen_intro_with_solids.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Introduce potentially allergenic foods such as eggs, shellfish, nut-containing foods, and wheat when you introduce solid foods, and ask your baby's doctor about allergy risk and safe ways to introduce them.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/starting-solid-foods"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "allergen intro with solids"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.allergenic_foods_alongside.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Introduce potentially allergenic foods, such as eggs, shellfish, nut butters, and wheat, when you introduce other foods.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/foods-and-drinks/when-what-and-how-to-introduce-solid-foods.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "allergenic foods alongside"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.allergens_from_6m_one_at_a_time.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Foods containing allergens, such as peanuts, hens' eggs, gluten and fish, can be introduced from around 6 months of age, 1 at a time and in small amounts so you can spot any reaction.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "allergens from 6m one at a time"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.anemia_check_12m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "At around 12 months, your child's doctor or nurse will likely test to see whether your baby has anemia, which can occur among children who do not get enough iron.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/vitamins-minerals/iron.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "anemia check 12m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.avoid_holding_back_of_head.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Try not to hold the back of your baby's head during a feed, so that they can tip their head back and take a big mouthful of breast.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding/positioning-and-attachment/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "avoid holding back of head"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.baby_led_weaning_gradual.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Babies who are ready to wean usually do it gradually: skipping feedings or nursing only a few minutes, then dropping one breastfeeding session at a time over several weeks.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/weaning-your-baby"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "baby led weaning gradual"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.blw_and_spoon_both_fine.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Baby-led weaning and spoon feeding are both fine, and there is no more risk of choking when a baby feeds themselves than when they are fed with a spoon.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "blw and spoon both fine"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.bottle_discouraged_after_12m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Once your baby is 1 year old, feeding from a bottle should be discouraged.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/drinks-and-cups-for-babies-and-young-children/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "bottle discouraged after 12m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.bottle_feeding_bonding.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Bottle feeding is a chance to feel close to your baby and bond with them: babies feel more secure if most feeds are given by you, your partner or their main caregiver.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding/advice/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "bottle feeding bonding"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.bottle_from_someone_else.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "A breastfed baby may accept a bottle more easily from your partner or another loved one at first, since your baby is used to nursing from you.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/using-bottles-breastfed-baby"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "bottle from someone else"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.bottle_horizontal_position.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Keep the bottle in a horizontal position, just slightly tipped, during feeds: this lets the milk flow steadily and helps prevent your baby from taking in air.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding/advice/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "bottle horizontal position"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.bottle_horizontal.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Keep the bottle in a horizontal position, just slightly tipped: this allows the milk to flow steadily and helps prevent your baby from taking in air.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding/advice/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "bottle horizontal"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.bottle_only_milk_or_water.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "When using a bottle or trainer cup, do not put anything in it other than breast milk, formula milk or water, and do not add anything else, such as sugar, cereals, baby rice or chocolate powder.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/drinks-and-cups-for-babies-and-young-children/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "bottle only milk or water"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.bottle_practice_before_return.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "In the week or two before returning to work or school, try one or two bottle feedings a day; it may take your baby several days to adjust.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/using-bottles-breastfed-baby"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "bottle practice before return"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.bottle_semi_upright_hold.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Hold your baby in a semi-upright position for bottle feeds and support their head so they can breathe and swallow comfortably.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding/advice/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "bottle semi upright hold"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.bottle_upright_angle_burp.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "When bottle feeding, hold your baby snugly and fairly upright, hold the bottle at an angle to limit swallowed air, and burp your baby at regular intervals.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/using-bottles-breastfed-baby"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "bottle upright angle burp"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.breastfed_every_2_4h.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Over the first weeks and months the time between feedings gradually gets longer; on average, most exclusively breastfed babies feed every 2 to 4 hours.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/breastfeeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "breastfed every 2 4h"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.breastfed_no_water_needed.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Fully breastfed babies do not need any water until they have started eating solid foods; during hot weather they may want to breastfeed more than usual.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/drinks-and-cups-for-babies-and-young-children/"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "breastfed no water needed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.breastfeed_before_solids.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "If your baby seems less interested in breastfeeding after starting solid foods, try breastfeeding before offering other foods: breast milk is still the most important source of nutrition.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/breastfeeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "breastfeed before solids"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.breastfeed_on_demand.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "As your baby grows and eats more solid foods, how long and how often they breastfeed will change; keep following your baby's cues and feed when you notice signs of hunger.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/breastfeeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "breastfeed on demand"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.breastfeeding_learned_together.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Breastfeeding is a skill that you and your baby learn together, and it can take time to get used to: there are lots of positions, so try different ones to find what works best for you.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding/positioning-and-attachment/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "breastfeeding learned together"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.breastfeeding_position_straight_line.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Whatever breastfeeding position you use, keep your baby's head and body in a straight line: it is hard for a baby to swallow if their head and neck are twisted.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding/positioning-and-attachment/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "breastfeeding position straight line"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.breastmilk_only_food_first_6m.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Breast milk is the only food or drink babies need in the first 6 months of their life.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/weaning-and-feeding/drinks-and-cups-for-babies-and-young-children/"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "breastmilk only food first 6m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.bring_baby_to_breast.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Always bring your baby to the breast and let them latch themselves: leaning your breast forward into your baby's mouth can lead to poor attachment.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding/positioning-and-attachment/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "bring baby to breast"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.burping_after_feed.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "When your baby has had enough milk, hold them upright and gently rub or pat their back to bring up any wind.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding/advice/"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "burping after feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.calm_feed_comes_off.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "A baby who is getting enough milk usually seems calm during feeding, comes off the breast by themselves when they have had enough, and appears content and satisfied after most feeds.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding/positioning-and-attachment/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "calm feed comes off"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.child_decides_how_much.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Let your child decide how much they want to eat; they do not need to finish a bottle or all of the food in the jar or on the plate, and food is not a good reward or punishment.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/mealtime/signs-your-child-is-hungry-or-full.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "child decides how much"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.choking_prevention_basics.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "To help prevent choking, prepare foods that easily dissolve with saliva and do not require chewing, feed small portions, encourage slow eating, and always watch your child while they eat.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/foods-and-drinks/when-what-and-how-to-introduce-solid-foods.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "choking prevention basics"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.choking_prevention_mealtimes.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "To reduce choking risk at mealtimes, always supervise your baby while eating, keep mealtimes calm, and cut food into small pieces.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/starting-solid-foods"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "choking prevention mealtimes"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.cluster_feeding_normal.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Some babies feed as often as every hour at times, called cluster feeding, and others have a longer sleep interval of 4 to 5 hours; both are part of how feeding patterns can vary.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/breastfeeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "cluster feeding normal"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.content_after_feeding.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Babies who have had enough milk usually seem content and drowsy after feeding.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/breastfeeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "content after feeding"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.cow_milk_after_12m.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Drinking cow's milk or fortified dairy alternatives is not recommended until your child is older than 12 months, but other cow's milk products, such as yogurt without added sugars, can be introduced earlier.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/foods-and-drinks/when-what-and-how-to-introduce-solid-foods.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "cow milk after 12m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.cows_milk_cooking_6m_main_drink_12m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Cows' milk can be used in cooking or mixed with food from around 6 months, but should not be given as a main drink until your baby is 12 months old.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/drinks-and-cups-for-babies-and-young-children/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "cows milk cooking 6m main drink 12m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.crying_late_hunger_cue.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Even before they can talk, babies show hunger and fullness with sounds and movements; crying is often a late sign of hunger, so watching for earlier cues lets you feed while your baby is still calm.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/mealtime/signs-your-child-is-hungry-or-full.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "crying late hunger cue"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.crying_late_hunger_sign.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Crying is actually a sign of distress, not the first sign of hunger. Babies show hunger cues before they cry, and responding early can help prevent crying.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/babys-hunger-cues"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "crying late hunger sign"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.cup_from_6m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Introduce your baby to drinking from a cup or beaker from around 6 months and offer sips of water with meals.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/drinks-and-cups-for-babies-and-young-children/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "cup from 6m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.cut_round_foods_avoid_hard_foods.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Cut small, round foods, like grapes and cherry tomatoes, into quarters, and avoid hard foods like whole nuts or raw carrot and apple.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "cut round foods avoid hard foods"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.cut_round_foods.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Cut cylindrical foods like hot dogs and string cheese into short thin strips, and cut small round foods like grapes, cherries, berries, and tomatoes into small pieces: round pieces can get stuck in a child's airway.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/foods-and-drinks/when-what-and-how-to-introduce-solid-foods.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "cut round foods"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.diaper_count_best_signal.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "The best way to tell if your baby is getting enough milk is to keep track of wet and dirty diapers.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/how-much-milk-your-baby-needs"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "diaper count best signal"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.discard_leftover_formula.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Throw out any formula left in the bottle after a feeding: the combination of formula and your baby's saliva can cause bacteria to grow; clean and sanitize the bottle before its next use.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/formula-feeding/preparation-and-storage.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "discard leftover formula"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.discard_unused_milk.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Throw away any unused formula or breast milk after you have finished bottle feeding, and only make up feeds when needed, one feed at a time.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding/advice/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "discard unused milk"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.dont_offer_dont_refuse.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "A gentle weaning approach is \"don't offer, don't refuse\": at the usual feeding time don't automatically offer your breast, but if your child asks to nurse, don't refuse.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/weaning-your-baby"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "dont offer dont refuse"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.dont_worry_unfinished_bottle.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Feed your baby when they seem hungry, and do not worry if they do not finish the bottle.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding/advice/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "dont worry unfinished bottle"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.drinks_before_12m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Before 12 months, offer only breastmilk or formula to drink: avoid cow's milk, plant-based milk alternatives, juice, and sugar-sweetened beverages, and talk to your baby's doctor before offering water.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/starting-solid-foods"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "drinks before 12m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.early_hunger_cues.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Signs your baby is hungry include fists moving to the mouth, turning the head to look for the breast, becoming more alert, sucking on hands, lip smacking, and opening and closing the mouth.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/babys-hunger-cues"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "early hunger cues"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.empty_first_breast.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Let your baby empty the first breast before switching to the other during a feeding; this helps your baby get the right mix of nutrients.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/phases-breast-milk"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "empty first breast"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.enough_milk_calm_content.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "A baby who is getting enough milk usually seems calm during feeding and comes off the breast on their own when they have had enough.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding/positioning-and-attachment/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "enough milk calm content"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.enough_milk_feed_signs.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Signs your baby is getting enough milk during a feed: their cheeks stay rounded out, not sucked in, and you can hear them swallowing.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding/positioning-and-attachment/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "enough milk feed signs"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.enough_milk_signs.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Signs your baby is getting enough milk: you can hear or see swallowing, your baby seems happy after feedings with relaxed hands and feet, and your baby is growing and gaining weight.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/how-much-milk-your-baby-needs"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "enough milk signs"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.enough_milk_suck_pattern.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "A baby who is feeding well often starts with a few rapid sucks followed by longer sucks.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding/positioning-and-attachment/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "enough milk suck pattern"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.enough_milk_swallowing_cheeks.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "During a good feed your baby's cheeks stay rounded out, not sucked in, and you can hear them swallowing.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding/positioning-and-attachment/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "enough milk swallowing cheeks"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.evening_cluster_not_low_supply.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Some babies want to nurse every 30 minutes to an hour in the evenings. This is normal and does not mean your baby isn't getting enough milk.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/cluster-feeding-and-growth-spurts"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "evening cluster not low supply"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.extra_care_young_preterm.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "For babies younger than 2 months old, born prematurely, or with a weakened immune system, take an extra step with powdered formula: boil the water and wait about 5 minutes before mixing, then let the formula cool before feeding.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/formula-feeding/preparation-and-storage.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "extra care young preterm"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.feeding_sessions_vary.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Some feeding sessions are long and others are short, and that's OK: babies generally take what they need at each feeding and stop eating when they are full.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/breastfeeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "feeding sessions vary"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.finger_food_size.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Finger food is food cut into pieces big enough for your baby to hold in their fist with a bit sticking out: pieces about the size of your own finger work well.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "finger food size"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.first_formula_only_alternative.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "First infant formula is usually based on cows' milk and is the only suitable alternative to breast milk in the first 12 months of your baby's life.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/weaning-and-feeding/drinks-and-cups-for-babies-and-young-children/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "first formula only alternative"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.first_infant_formula_first_year.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "If you use infant formula, first infant formula (first milk) should always be the first formula you give your baby, and you can use it throughout the first year.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding/advice/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "first infant formula first year"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.follow_babys_lead_bottle.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "All babies are different: your baby will know how much milk they need, and some want to feed more often than others, so just follow your baby's lead.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding/advice/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "follow babys lead bottle"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.follow_fullness_cues.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Let your baby set the pace and stop when they show they have had enough, such as firmly closing their mouth or turning their head away; do not force your baby to eat.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "follow fullness cues"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.follow_on_formula_not_needed.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Follow-on formula is not suitable for babies under 6 months, and you do not need to introduce it after 6 months.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/drinks-and-cups-for-babies-and-young-children/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "follow on formula not needed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.formula_32oz_no_extra_vitd.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Babies receiving about 32 ounces or more of infant formula each day do not need additional vitamin D, because infant formula is fortified with vitamin D.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/formula-feeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "formula 32oz no extra vitd"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.formula_500ml_covers_vitamins.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Babies having 500ml (about a pint) or more of formula a day do not need vitamin supplements, because formula is fortified with vitamin D and other nutrients.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "formula 500ml covers vitamins"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.formula_brand_same_standards.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "All infant formula in the UK has to meet the same standards to help babies grow and develop: it does not matter if you choose a cheaper or more expensive brand.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/weaning-and-feeding/drinks-and-cups-for-babies-and-young-children/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "formula brand same standards"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.formula_every_3_4h.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Over the first weeks and months the time between feedings gets longer; most formula-fed infants feed about every 3 to 4 hours.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/formula-feeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "formula every 3 4h"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.formula_fed_hot_weather_water.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Formula fed babies under 6 months of age may need small sips of cooled boiled water during hot weather, as well as their usual milk feeds.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/drinks-and-cups-for-babies-and-young-children/"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "formula fed hot weather water"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.formula_first_days_1_2oz.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "If your baby is getting only infant formula, start by offering 1 to 2 ounces every 2 to 3 hours in the first days, and give more if your baby shows signs of hunger.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/formula-feeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "formula first days 1 2oz"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.formula_frequency_amounts.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Formula-fed newborns typically eat about 8 times a day, roughly every 2 to 3 hours, often starting with 1 to 2 ounces (30 to 60 milliliters) per feeding and gradually increasing.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000712.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "formula frequency amounts"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.formula_newborn_8_12_feeds.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Most formula-fed newborns will feed 8 to 12 times in 24 hours.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/formula-feeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "formula newborn 8 12 feeds"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.formula_not_needed_after_12m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Formula milks are not needed once your baby is 12 months old: this includes first infant formula, follow-on formula, growing-up milks and toddler milks.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/drinks-and-cups-for-babies-and-young-children/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "formula not needed after 12m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.formula_ratio_matters.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Getting the water amount right matters: too much water may mean the formula does not meet your baby's nutritional needs, and too little can make your baby's kidneys and digestive system work too hard.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/formula-feeding/preparation-and-storage.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "formula ratio matters"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.formula_solids_5_6_times.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Most 6 to 12-month-olds will need infant formula or solid foods about 5 to 6 times in 24 hours; as your baby gradually eats more solid foods, they gradually need less formula.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/formula-feeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "formula solids 5 6 times"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.formula_to_whole_milk_12m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "When your toddler is 12 months old, you can switch from infant formula to plain, unsweetened, pasteurized whole cow's milk or fortified unsweetened dairy alternatives, and you can make the change gradually.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/formula-feeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "formula to whole milk 12m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.freeze_small_batches.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Freeze milk in small batches of 2-4 ounces, enough for a single feeding; smaller portions work for a premature baby, larger for an older baby.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/storing-and-thawing-breast-milk"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "freeze small batches"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.frequent_nursing_builds_supply.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Breastfeeding frequently, especially in the first hours, days, and weeks, is the main way to increase milk supply; your body makes milk to meet your baby's demand.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/low-milk-supply"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "frequent nursing builds supply"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.fresh_milk_storage_times.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "For healthy, full-term babies: fresh breast milk keeps up to 4 hours at room temperature (77°F or colder), up to 4 days in the refrigerator (40°F or colder), and in a freezer with a separate door (0°F or colder), within 6 months is best, up to 12 months is acceptable.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/storing-and-thawing-breast-milk"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "fresh milk storage times"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.fullness_cues_older.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Older babies show fullness by pushing food away, closing their mouth when food is offered, turning their head away from food, or using hand motions and sounds.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/mealtime/signs-your-child-is-hungry-or-full.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "fullness cues older"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.fullness_cues_young.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Young babies show they are full by closing their mouth, turning their head away from the breast or bottle, and relaxing their hands.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/mealtime/signs-your-child-is-hungry-or-full.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "fullness cues young"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.fullness_cues.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Signs your baby is full: they release the breast, turn away from the nipple, relax their body, and open their fists.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/babys-hunger-cues"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "fullness cues"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.gagging_is_not_choking.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Your baby may gag when you introduce solid foods; gagging is different from choking and is part of learning to manage solid food in their mouth.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "gagging is not choking"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.gagging_vs_choking.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Gagging is not the same as choking: your baby may gag when you introduce solid foods.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "gagging vs choking"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.good_latch_signs.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "With a good latch you see much more of the darker nipple skin above your baby's top lip than below their bottom lip, and your baby's cheeks look full and rounded as they feed.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding/positioning-and-attachment/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "good latch signs"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.goodnight_milk_not_needed.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Goodnight milk is not suitable for babies under 6 months old; this type of formula is not needed, and there is no evidence that babies settle better or sleep longer after having it.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/weaning-and-feeding/drinks-and-cups-for-babies-and-young-children/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "goodnight milk not needed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.growth_spurt_fussier_nursing.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Growth spurts usually last a few days. Babies may be fussier and want to nurse longer and more often, sometimes as much as every 30 minutes.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/cluster-feeding-and-growth-spurts"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "growth spurt fussier nursing"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.growth_spurt_timing.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Growth spurts often come at around 2-3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months, though every baby's timing is different.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/cluster-feeding-and-growth-spurts"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "growth spurt timing"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.heme_iron_sources.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Heme iron, which the body absorbs more easily, is found in animal foods such as red meat, seafood, poultry, and eggs.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/vitamins-minerals/iron.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "heme iron sources"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.hunger_cues_birth_5m.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "From birth to 5 months, hunger signs include putting hands to the mouth, turning the head toward the breast or bottle, puckering, smacking, or licking lips, and clenched hands.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/mealtime/signs-your-child-is-hungry-or-full.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "hunger cues birth 5m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.hunger_cues_older.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "As your child gets older, from about 6 months, hunger signs include reaching for or pointing to food, opening the mouth when offered a spoon or food, and getting excited at the sight of food.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/mealtime/signs-your-child-is-hungry-or-full.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "hunger cues older"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.hunger_cues.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Feed your baby when they seem hungry: early cues include lip smacking, sucking motions, and rooting. Crying is a late hunger sign, so try not to wait for it.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000712.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "hunger cues"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.infant_cereal_variety.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "If your child eats infant cereals, offer a variety of fortified cereals such as oat, barley, and multigrain rather than only rice cereal; feeding only infant rice cereal can increase risk of arsenic exposure.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/foods-and-drinks/when-what-and-how-to-introduce-solid-foods.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "infant cereal variety"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.iron_breastfed_ask_before_6m.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "For a breastfed baby, ask your child's doctor or nurse whether iron supplements are needed before 6 months old; they may advise iron supplement drops.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/vitamins-minerals/iron.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "iron breastfed ask before 6m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.iron_foods_around_6m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Once your child starts to eat foods around 6 months, it is important to give foods with enough iron to meet nutritional needs.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/vitamins-minerals/iron.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "iron foods around 6m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.iron_formula_first_12m.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Standard iron-fortified infant formulas meet your child's iron needs for the first 12 months of life.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/vitamins-minerals/iron.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "iron formula first 12m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.iron_rich_first_foods.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Include first foods such as meat or iron-fortified cereals, which are high in iron and zinc, key nutrients for your baby's development.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/starting-solid-foods"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "iron rich first foods"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.iron_rich_solids.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "As your baby eats more solid foods, try to include foods that contain iron, such as meat, fish, fortified breakfast cereals, dark green vegetables, beans and lentils.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "iron rich solids"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.iron_role.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Iron supports brain development and immune function, and overall supports your child's ability to grow, pay attention, and learn.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/vitamins-minerals/iron.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "iron role"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.iron_start_4m.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Babies are born with iron stores that begin to run low around 4 months, so the AAP recommends that fully or partially breastfed babies start an iron supplement (about 1 mg per kilogram per day) at 4 months, continuing until iron-rich solid foods are established. This is just after the newborn window, but it's helpful to know early. Formula-fed babies typically get enough iron from iron-fortified formula.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren.org, Where We Stand: Vitamin D & Iron Supplements for Babies",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/Vitamin-Iron-Supplements.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-4 months (guidance begins at 4 months)",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Authoritative pediatric guidance (AAP position statement)",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Iron supplementation formally begins at 4 months, just outside the 0-3 month window",
    "Preterm or low-birth-weight babies may need iron earlier on a clinician's advice; confirm product and dose with the pediatrician"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "Iron for breastfed babies (begins around 4 months)"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.latch_head_body_straight.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Check that your baby's head and body are in a straight line when breastfeeding: it is hard for a baby to swallow if their head and neck are twisted.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding/positioning-and-attachment/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "latch head body straight"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.latch_pain_break_retry.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "If your baby latches just on the tip of your nipple or it hurts, gently put a clean finger in their mouth to break the latch, then try again.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/steps-and-signs-good-latch"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "latch pain break retry"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.latch_steps.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "To start a latch, tickle your baby's lips with your nipple to help them open wide, then aim your nipple just above their top lip.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/steps-and-signs-good-latch"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "latch steps"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.latch_trouble_reset.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "If latching is hard, try moving to a quiet calm place, holding your baby skin to skin, and letting your baby lead to find your nipple on their own.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/steps-and-signs-good-latch"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "latch trouble reset"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.meals_progression_7_9m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "From about 7 months, your baby will gradually move towards eating 3 meals a day in addition to their usual milk feeds, which may be around 4 a day.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "meals progression 7 9m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.measure_water_first.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "When mixing powdered formula, use the amount of water listed on the container instructions: always measure the water first, then add the powder.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/formula-feeding/preparation-and-storage.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "measure water first"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.milk_color_separation_normal.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "It's normal for breast milk to vary in color depending on what you ate, and normal for the fatty part to separate; gently mix it back in when thawing or warming.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/storing-and-thawing-breast-milk"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "milk color separation normal"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.milk_main_nutrition_12m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Keep giving breastmilk, formula, or both while your baby learns to eat solids: it is still their main source of nutrition through 12 months.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/starting-solid-foods"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "milk main nutrition 12m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.milk_only_first_6m.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "For the first 6 months, babies get all the nutrition they need from breast milk or formula alone.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000712.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "milk only first 6m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.milk_until_at_least_1yr.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Continue to breastfeed or give your baby first infant formula until they are at least 1 year old.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/weaning-and-feeding/drinks-and-cups-for-babies-and-young-children/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "milk until at least 1yr"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.most_make_enough_milk.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Many moms worry about low milk supply, but most of the time your body makes exactly what your baby needs.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/low-milk-supply"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "most make enough milk"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.never_force_finish_bottle.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Watch for signs your baby is full, like turning away from the bottle or keeping lips closed, and don't force your baby to finish a bottle.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/using-bottles-breastfed-baby"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "never force finish bottle"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.never_microwave_milk.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Do not microwave breast milk: microwaving breaks down nutrients and creates hot spots that can burn your baby's mouth.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/storing-and-thawing-breast-milk"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "never microwave milk"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.never_prop_bottle.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Never leave your baby alone to feed with a propped-up bottle, and never leave them alone in bed with a bottle: they may choke on the milk.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding/advice/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "never prop bottle"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.new_food_10_offers.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Offer foods more than once: it may take offering a new food up to 10 times before your baby is willing to accept it.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/starting-solid-foods"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "new food 10 offers"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.newborn_feeds_every_1_3h.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "In the first days, your baby may want to eat as often as every 1 to 3 hours; frequent feeding helps increase your milk supply and gives your baby practice sucking and swallowing.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/breastfeeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "newborn feeds every 1 3h"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.newborn_tiny_tummy.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "A newborn's belly is tiny, so your baby does not need a lot of milk at each feeding to be full.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/breastfeeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "newborn tiny tummy"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.newborn_tummy_size.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "At birth your baby's tummy is about the size of a toy marble (about 1 to 2 teaspoons). By day 10 it grows to about the size of a ping-pong ball (about 2 ounces).",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/how-much-milk-your-baby-needs"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "newborn tummy size"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.no_added_salt_sugar.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Do not add sugar or salt, including stock cubes and gravy, to your baby's food or cooking water: salty foods are not good for their kidneys, and sugar can cause tooth decay.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "no added salt sugar"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.no_bottle_in_bed.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Never put your baby to bed with a bottle, since this can cause tooth decay; if your baby wants to suck, offer a pacifier.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000712.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "no bottle in bed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.no_breastfeeding_in_sling.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "It is not safe to breastfeed your baby while they are in a sling or carrier: if you need to feed, take them out of the sling first.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding/positioning-and-attachment/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "no breastfeeding in sling"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.no_cows_milk_before_1y.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Wait until age 1 year to give cow's milk; younger babies have a hard time digesting it.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000712.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "no cows milk before 1y"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.no_extra_formula_powder.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "When using formula, always use the amount of powder recommended on the packaging: do not add extra powder, as using too much can make your baby constipated.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding/advice/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "no extra formula powder"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.no_forcing_more_milk.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Do not force your baby to take more milk than they want during a feed: this may be distressing for them and can lead to overfeeding.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding/advice/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "no forcing more milk"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.no_formula_after_12m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Formula milks are not needed once your baby is 12 months old, including first infant formula, follow-on formula, growing-up milks and toddler milks.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/weaning-and-feeding/drinks-and-cups-for-babies-and-young-children/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "no formula after 12m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.no_honey_before_12m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Avoid honey before 12 months of age, along with unpasteurized foods and beverages.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/starting-solid-foods"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "no honey before 12m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.no_honey_first_year.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Never give honey to your baby: it can contain bacteria that cause botulism, a rare but serious illness.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000712.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "no honey first year"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.no_juice_under_12m.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Babies under 12 months do not need fruit juice or smoothies: if you choose to give them, dilute one part juice to 10 parts water and limit them to mealtimes.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/drinks-and-cups-for-babies-and-young-children/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "no juice under 12m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.no_microwave_warming.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Infant formula does not need to be warmed before feeding; if you prefer a warm bottle, never use a microwave, because microwaves heat unevenly and hot spots can burn a baby's mouth and throat.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/formula-feeding/preparation-and-storage.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "no microwave warming"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.no_rice_drinks.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Babies and young children under 5 years old should not be given rice drinks, because of the levels of arsenic in these products.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/drinks-and-cups-for-babies-and-young-children/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "no rice drinks"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.no_set_time_to_stop.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "There is no set time to stop breastfeeding: breastfeed as long as it's working for you and your baby.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/weaning-your-baby"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "no set time to stop"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.no_sugary_drinks.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Squashes, flavoured milk, fruit or juice drinks and fizzy drinks are not suitable for young babies: they contain sugar and can cause tooth decay, even when diluted.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/drinks-and-cups-for-babies-and-young-children/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "no sugary drinks"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.nonheme_iron_vitamin_c.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Pairing non-heme iron foods, like plants and fortified products, with vitamin C-rich fruits and vegetables helps your baby absorb the iron needed to support development.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/vitamins-minerals/iron.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "nonheme iron vitamin c"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.nose_level_with_nipple.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Start with your baby's nose level with your nipple: this encourages them to open their mouth wide and attach to the breast well.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding/positioning-and-attachment/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "nose level with nipple"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.nursing_pattern_matures.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "As your baby grows, they may nurse less frequently and drink more in a single feeding, and your milk supply will adapt.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/how-much-milk-your-baby-needs"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "nursing pattern matures"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.nursing_strike_causes.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Common nursing strike triggers include a big change in nursing routine, a long time apart, an uncomfortable environment, or simple distraction.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/why-baby-may-suddenly-refuse-breast"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "nursing strike causes"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.nursing_strike_keep_offering.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "During a nursing strike, keep offering the breast when your baby shows hunger signs, seems sleepy, or has just woken up; if your baby gets frustrated, stop and try again later.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/why-baby-may-suddenly-refuse-breast"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "nursing strike keep offering"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.nursing_strike_not_weaning.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "It's very rare for babies to wean themselves; a sudden reluctance to breastfeed might be a nursing strike, a signal that something is different, though not necessarily wrong.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/why-baby-may-suddenly-refuse-breast"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "nursing strike not weaning"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.offer_bitter_vegetables.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Include vegetables that are not sweet, such as broccoli, cauliflower and spinach: getting used to a range of flavours, not just the sweeter ones, might help prevent fussy eating as your baby grows up.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "offer bitter vegetables"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.one_feed_at_a_time.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Only make up a formula feed when it is needed, one feed at a time, and throw away any unused formula or breast milk after the feed.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding/advice/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "one feed at a time"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.one_new_food_3_5_days.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Let your child try one single-ingredient food at a time at first, and wait 3 to 5 days between each new food; this helps you notice any problems, such as food allergies.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/foods-and-drinks/when-what-and-how-to-introduce-solid-foods.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "one new food 3 5 days"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.one_new_food_at_a_time.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Introduce one single-ingredient food at a time, from any food group, and watch for any reactions.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/starting-solid-foods"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "one new food at a time"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.one_side_or_both.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Some babies eat from both breasts at every feeding, while others may only eat from one side.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/babys-hunger-cues"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "one side or both"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.open_cup_better_for_teeth.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "An open cup or a free-flow cup without a valve helps your baby learn to sip and is better for their teeth.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/drinks-and-cups-for-babies-and-young-children/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "open cup better for teeth"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.opened_container_1_month.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Store opened powdered formula in a cool, dry place with the lid tightly closed, not in the refrigerator; most formulas need to be used within 1 month of opening, so write the date on the lid when you open a new container.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/formula-feeding/preparation-and-storage.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "opened container 1 month"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.peanut_eczema_ask_doctor.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "If your child has severe eczema or an egg allergy, talk with your child's doctor or nurse about when and how to safely introduce foods with peanuts.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/foods-and-drinks/when-what-and-how-to-introduce-solid-foods.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "peanut eczema ask doctor"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.preterm_iron_checkup.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Preterm babies may need extra iron beyond what they get from breast milk or infant formula; talk with your child's doctor or nurse about iron needs at the next checkup.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/vitamins-minerals/iron.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "preterm iron checkup"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.pump_output_not_gauge.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Pump output is not a good measure of your milk supply: your baby is much more effective than a pump or hand expression at getting milk out.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/low-milk-supply"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "pump output not gauge"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.rainbow_plate.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Offer a variety of vegetables, fruits, protein, dairy without added sugars, healthy fats, and whole grains cut into small bite-sized pieces; a rainbow of different-colored foods on the plate is a simple goal.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/foods-and-drinks/foods-and-drinks-to-encourage.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "rainbow plate"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.reflux_soothing.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "For everyday reflux, gentle measures often help: hold your baby fairly upright during and for a while after feeds, and burp regularly. Some families find that smaller, more frequent feeds ease things while the digestive system matures. These are comfort steps, not treatments; if reflux seems painful or is affecting feeding or growth, check with your clinician.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS, Reflux in Babies",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/reflux-in-babies/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (NHS), consistent with US pediatric advice",
   "evidence_strength": "Authoritative guidance (NHS); AAP consistent",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Do not change safe-sleep practices for reflux; babies should still be placed on the back to sleep (confirm with pediatric guidance)",
    "Sleep positioners, wedges, and reflux medicines should be used only if a clinician advises"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "Easing everyday reflux"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.reflux_timeline.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Uncomplicated reflux often begins around 2 to 3 weeks of age, tends to peak near 4 to 5 months, and usually improves on its own; most full-term babies outgrow it between about 9 and 12 months as they sit up and start solids. Babies who spit up but feed well, grow, and stay comfortable are sometimes called 'happy spitters.' Simple steps like keeping baby upright after feeds can help in the meantime.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren.org, Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER) & GERD",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/GERD-Reflux.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Authoritative pediatric guidance (AAP); NHS consistent (resolves by about age 1)",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Timeline is typical, not guaranteed; some babies differ",
    "Reflux that worsens, seems painful, or affects growth may be GERD and needs evaluation"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "Reflux timeline (when it usually resolves)"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.refrigerate_24h.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "If you do not start using prepared formula within 2 hours, store the bottle in the fridge right away and use it within 24 hours.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/formula-feeding/preparation-and-storage.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "refrigerate 24h"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.short_bunched_feeds_ok.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Short nursing sessions, such as only 5 minutes on each breast, or feeds bunched close together are not things to worry about on their own.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/low-milk-supply"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "short bunched feeds ok"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.simple_bottles_fine.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "There is no evidence that 1 type of teat or bottle is better than any other: simple bottles that are easy to wash and sterilise are probably best.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding/advice/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "simple bottles fine"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.six_wet_nappies_daily.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "After the first few days, a baby who is feeding well should have at least 6 wet nappies a day.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding/positioning-and-attachment/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "six wet nappies daily"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.smooth_textures_first.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Start with mashed, pureed, or strained foods that are very smooth; it can take time to adjust to new textures, and your child might cough, gag, or spit up as you introduce thicker, lumpier foods over time.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/foods-and-drinks/when-what-and-how-to-introduce-solid-foods.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "smooth textures first"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.soft_breasts_not_low_supply.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Breasts feeling softer and less full does not mean low supply; it is your milk supply adjusting to your baby's needs.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/low-milk-supply"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "soft breasts not low supply"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.solid_foods_about_6m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Most babies are ready to try solid foods at about 6 months. Don't offer your baby solid foods before 4 months.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/starting-solid-foods"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "solid foods about 6m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.solid_foods_around_6m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Introducing your baby to solid foods, sometimes called weaning or complementary feeding, should start when your baby is around 6 months old.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "solid foods around 6m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.solids_at_about_6m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "The Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend introducing foods other than breast milk or infant formula at about 6 months.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/foods-and-drinks/when-what-and-how-to-introduce-solid-foods.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "solids at about 6m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.solids_false_readiness_signs.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Chewing fists, waking in the night more than usual, and wanting extra milk feeds are all normal baby behaviours, not necessarily signs that your baby is hungry or ready to start solid food.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "solids false readiness signs"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.solids_no_set_order.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "For most children, foods do not need to be given in a certain order; by the time they are 7 or 8 months, your child can eat various foods from different food groups.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/foods-and-drinks/when-what-and-how-to-introduce-solid-foods.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "solids no set order"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.solids_not_before_4_6m.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Hold off on solid foods until your baby is 4 to 6 months old; before that, babies are not yet able to digest them and may choke.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000712.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "solids not before 4 6m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.solids_not_before_4m.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Your child can begin eating solid foods at about 6 months; introducing foods before 4 months is not recommended.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/foods-and-drinks/when-what-and-how-to-introduce-solid-foods.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "solids not before 4m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.solids_not_sleep_fix.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Starting solid foods will not make your baby any more likely to sleep through the night; sometimes a little extra milk will help until they are ready for solid foods.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "solids not sleep fix"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.solids_readiness_signs.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Signs your child is developmentally ready for solid foods include sitting up alone or with support, controlling their head and neck, opening their mouth when offered food, swallowing food rather than pushing it back out, and bringing objects to their mouth.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/foods-and-drinks/when-what-and-how-to-introduce-solid-foods.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "solids readiness signs"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.solids_readiness_three_signs.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "There are 3 clear signs that appear together from around 6 months of age which show your baby is ready for first solid foods: staying in a sitting position holding their head steady, coordinating eyes, hands and mouth to pick up food and put it in their mouth by themselves, and swallowing food rather than spitting it back out.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "solids readiness three signs"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.solids_start_around_6m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Introducing your baby to solid foods, sometimes called complementary feeding or weaning, should start when your baby is around 6 months old.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "solids start around 6m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.soya_formula_medical_supervision.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Soya formula should only be given to babies under medical supervision, so always talk to your doctor before using hypoallergenic or soya-based formula.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding/advice/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "soya formula medical supervision"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.starting_textures_smooth.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Start with mashed, pureed, or strained foods that are very smooth, then introduce thicker and lumpier textures as your baby's eating skills develop.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/starting-solid-foods"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "starting textures smooth"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.stay_with_baby_meals.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Always stay with your baby when they are eating.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "stay with baby meals"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.stay_with_baby_while_eating.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Always stay with your baby when they are eating, in case they start to choke.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "stay with baby while eating"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.sterilise_until_12m.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Sterilise bottles and teats until your baby is at least 12 months old, and wash your hands thoroughly before handling sterilised bottles and teats.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding/advice/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "sterilise until 12m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.stool_color_progression.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "As your milk changes, your baby's poops change too: black and tarry at first, then greenish to yellowish, then yellow, loose, and seedy.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/how-much-milk-your-baby-needs"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "stool color progression"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.stop_when_baby_has_had_enough.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Let your baby set the pace and stop when they show signs they have had enough, such as firmly closing their mouth or turning their head away; do not force your baby to eat.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "stop when baby has had enough"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.strike_pump_protect_supply.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "During a strike, pump or hand express at the times your baby used to nurse and feed that milk to your baby; this keeps up your supply and makes plugged ducts or engorgement less likely.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/why-baby-may-suddenly-refuse-breast"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "strike pump protect supply"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.strike_under_1_year.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "If your baby is less than 1 year old and has been breastfeeding well, a sudden refusal most likely does not mean they are ready to give up breastfeeding.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/why-baby-may-suddenly-refuse-breast"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "strike under 1 year"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.tap_water_usually_fine.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Most of the time it is safe to prepare powdered infant formula by mixing it with tap water, filtered or unfiltered, following the manufacturer's instructions on the container.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/formula-feeding/preparation-and-storage.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "tap water usually fine"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.teat_flat_release_suction.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "If the teat goes flat while you're feeding, pull gently on the corner of your baby's mouth to release the suction.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding/advice/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "teat flat release suction"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.teat_hole_not_too_big.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Check that the hole in your baby's teat is not too big: drinking milk too quickly can make your baby sick.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding/advice/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "teat hole not too big"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.teat_hole_size.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "If your baby is sometimes sick after bottle feeds, check that the hole in your baby's teat is not too big: drinking milk too quickly can make your baby sick.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/bottle-feeding/advice/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "teat hole size"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.ten_tries_for_new_foods.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Keep offering a variety of foods, even ones your baby does not seem to like: it may take 10 tries or more for a baby to get used to new foods, flavours and textures.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "ten tries for new foods"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.ten_tries_new_foods.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Keep offering a variety of foods, even ones your baby seems to reject: it may take 10 tries or more for a baby to get used to new foods, flavours and textures.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "ten tries new foods"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.texture_progression.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Once you have started solid foods from around 6 months of age, try to move your baby on from puréed or blended foods to mashed, lumpy or finger foods as soon as they can manage them: this helps them learn to chew and swallow.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "texture progression"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.thawed_milk_use_times.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Thawed breast milk can be used within 1-2 hours at room temperature or up to 24 hours in the refrigerator, and it cannot be re-frozen.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/storing-and-thawing-breast-milk"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "thawed milk use times"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.three_meals_from_7m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "From about 7 months, your baby will gradually move towards eating 3 meals a day, in addition to their usual milk feeds, which may be around 4 a day.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/weaning-and-feeding/babys-first-solid-foods/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "three meals from 7m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.use_within_2h.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Prepared formula can spoil if left out at room temperature: use it within 2 hours of preparation, and within one hour from when feeding begins.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/formula-feeding/preparation-and-storage.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "use within 2h"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.variety_from_6m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Beginning around 6 months, your child needs a variety of foods and drinks for proper growth and development.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/foods-and-drinks/foods-and-drinks-to-encourage.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "variety from 6m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.vitamin_d_breastfed.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "If your baby is exclusively breastfed, ask your pediatrician whether they need supplemental vitamin D drops.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000712.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "vitamin d breastfed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.vitamin_d_drops_breastfed.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Babies fed breast milk exclusively, or receiving less than 32 ounces of infant formula per day, need extra vitamin D starting shortly after birth; they can get it through over-the-counter vitamin D drops.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/breastfeeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "vitamin d drops breastfed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.vitamin_d_food_sources.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Once your child has started solid foods, include foods with vitamin D, for example some fish such as salmon or light canned tuna, and eggs.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/vitamins-minerals/vitamin-d.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "vitamin d food sources"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.vitamin_d_from_birth.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "All children need vitamin D beginning shortly after birth, and breast milk usually does not provide all the vitamin D a baby needs.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/vitamins-minerals/vitamin-d.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "vitamin d from birth"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.vitamin_d_iron_ask_doctor.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Ask your baby's doctor about iron and vitamin D supplementation: babies fed only breastmilk or a mix of breastmilk and formula need a vitamin D supplement, while babies fed only formula may not.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/starting-solid-foods"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "vitamin d iron ask doctor"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.vitamin_d_rickets.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Vitamin D helps your child build strong bones and prevent rickets, a softening of the bones that can occur in growing children.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/vitamins-minerals/vitamin-d.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "vitamin d rickets"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.wake_sleepy_newborn_to_feed.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "At first babies need to eat every 2 to 4 hours; if your newborn is sleepy, you may need to wake them to feed, and patting, stroking, undressing, or a diaper change can help.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/breastfeeding/how-much-and-how-often.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "wake sleepy newborn to feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.wake_to_feed_newborn.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "A newborn should not go more than 4 hours at night without feeding (4 to 5 hours if formula feeding), and it is OK to wake them up to eat.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000712.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "wake to feed newborn"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.warm_bottle_running_water.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "To warm a bottle, place it under running warm water, keep water from getting into the bottle or on the nipple, and before feeding put a couple of drops of formula on your wrist to check it is not too hot.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/formula-feeding/preparation-and-storage.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "warm bottle running water"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.warming_milk_optional.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "You don't have to warm refrigerated breast milk: your baby can drink it cold or at room temperature; if you do warm it, test a drop on your wrist, comfortably warm, not hot.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/storing-and-thawing-breast-milk"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "warming milk optional"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.wash_hands_clean_workspace.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Wash your hands well before preparing bottles or feeding your baby, and clean and sanitize the workspace where you prepare the formula; bottles need to be clean and sanitized too.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/formula-feeding/preparation-and-storage.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "wash hands clean workspace"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.water_4_8oz_daily.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Between 6 and 12 months, you can offer breast milk or infant formula, plus water, 4 to 8 ounces a day.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/foods-and-drinks/foods-and-drinks-to-encourage.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "water 4 8oz daily"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.water_not_boiled_after_6m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Drinking water for babies over 6 months does not need to be boiled first.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/drinks-and-cups-for-babies-and-young-children/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "water not boiled after 6m"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.water_over_6m_no_boiling.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Once your baby has started to eat solid foods, from around 6 months, you can offer them sips of water from a cup or beaker with meals; drinking water for babies over 6 months does not need to be boiled first.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/weaning-and-feeding/drinks-and-cups-for-babies-and-young-children/"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "water over 6m no boiling"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.wean_before_12m_formula.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "If you wean before your baby is 12 months old, you will need to supplement their diet with infant formula.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/weaning-your-baby"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "wean before 12m formula"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.wean_slowly.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Weaning is most comfortable for you and your baby when done slowly, over several weeks or months.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/weaning-your-baby"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "wean slowly"
  },
  {
   "id": "feeding.weight_gain_starts_4_5d.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Babies typically start gaining weight about 4 to 5 days after birth, another sign that feeding is going well.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000712.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "weight gain starts 4 5d"
  },
  {
   "id": "fever.call_doctor_list.aap.v1",
   "statement": "On the AAP list of reasons to call the doctor about a fever: the child has had a seizure; the child is younger than 3 months (12 weeks) with a temperature of 100.4F (38.0C) or higher; the temperature rises above 104F (40C) repeatedly at any age. The AAP also says to call if the child still acts sick once the fever is brought down, seems to be getting worse, or the fever persists.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/fever/Pages/When-to-Call-the-Pediatrician.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-24 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "escalation list quoted from the AAP, never originated or trimmed by LEELALU",
   "limitations": [
    "the source wording is that the child still acts sick, in quotation marks on the page",
    "LEELALU keeps the meaning and does not soften it"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never trimmed to fit a layout and never merged with a different list; the under-3-months threshold stands on its own",
   "topic": "fever"
  },
  {
   "id": "fever.newborn_threshold.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes that if your baby is 3 months of age or younger and has a rectal temperature of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) or higher, call your pediatrician immediately.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/fever/Pages/Fever-and-Your-Baby.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "escalation instruction quoted from the AAP; this claim only ever routes toward care",
   "limitations": [
    "the threshold is stated for a rectal temperature",
    "the AAP publishes the number, LEELALU never adjusts it"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never softened, never delayed, and it stands with or without anything observed about breathing",
   "topic": "fever"
  },
  {
   "id": "fever.persists_24h_under_2.aap.v1",
   "statement": "On the AAP list of reasons to call the pediatrician about a fever: \"The fever persists for more than 24 hours in a child younger than 2 years\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/fever/Pages/When-to-Call-the-Pediatrician.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-2 years",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "one named item on the AAP's published call list, quoted as its own line; it does not replace the under 3 months threshold, which is immediate",
   "limitations": [
    "the same page carries a separate and stricter line for babies under 3 months at 100.4F or higher, which is call right away and is not waited out for 24 hours"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "fever"
  },
  {
   "id": "fever.without_fear_call_list.aap.v1",
   "statement": "On the AAP Fever Without Fear call list: \"Fever rises above 104F (40C) repeatedly for a child of any age\"; \"Has had a seizure\"; \"Has signs of dehydration, such as a dry mouth, sunken soft spot or significantly fewer wet diapers and unable to take in fluids\"; and your child still \"acts sick\" once their fever is brought down.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/fever/Pages/Fever-Without-Fear.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-5 years",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "named items on this page's published call list, quoted as published; the dehydration item is one item and its wording is not split",
   "limitations": [
    "the under 3 months threshold of 100.4F or higher is published on the AAP's separate When to Call the Pediatrician page and is immediate",
    "this list does not replace it"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "fever"
  },
  {
   "id": "hiccups.cause.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Pediatric providers describe infant hiccups as linked to the stomach expanding after eating or swallowing air, which irritates the diaphragm.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Cleveland Clinic",
    "url": "https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17672-hiccups"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "mechanism explanation in plain language, attributed as providers' working explanation",
   "limitations": [
    "working explanation, not a definitive mechanism",
    "page covers all ages with an infant section"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "not a diagnostic statement",
   "topic": "hiccups"
  },
  {
   "id": "hiccups.feed_pause.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "If hiccups start during a feed: change the baby's position, try burping, or help them relax; if hiccups have not gone in 5 to 10 minutes, resuming the feed for a few minutes usually stops them.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/baby-burping-hiccups-and-spit-up.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "practical during-feed response steps as published by the AAP",
   "limitations": [
    "usually, not always",
    "technique guidance, not a medical intervention"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "if a baby repeatedly cannot feed because of hiccups or seems distressed, that is a pediatrician conversation",
   "topic": "hiccups"
  },
  {
   "id": "hiccups.gerd_sign.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "In some babies, hiccups can be a sign of GERD when they come with coughing and spitting up; Cleveland Clinic advises calling the pediatrician if those accompanying signs are noticed.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Cleveland Clinic",
    "url": "https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17672-hiccups"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "narrow escalation trigger: the combination pattern, not hiccups alone",
   "limitations": [
    "in some babies",
    "combination of signs, not a diagnosis from hiccups alone"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never presented as LEELALU diagnosing GERD; the action is call your pediatrician",
   "topic": "hiccups"
  },
  {
   "id": "hiccups.normal.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Most babies hiccup from time to time; usually this bothers parents more than the infant, and hiccups pass on their own.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/baby-burping-hiccups-and-spit-up.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "reassurance framing for typical infant hiccups; not a promise that any specific episode is harmless",
   "limitations": [
    "population-level statement",
    "does not evaluate any individual baby"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to dismiss hiccups accompanied by coughing, heavy spitting up, feeding refusal, or weight concerns",
   "topic": "hiccups"
  },
  {
   "id": "hiccups.prevention.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Feeding a baby when they are calm, before they are extremely hungry, usually makes hiccups during feedings less likely.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/baby-burping-hiccups-and-spit-up.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "prevention habit as published by the AAP",
   "limitations": [
    "usually",
    "newborn hunger cues escalate fast and missing the calm window is normal"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "no guilt framing: missing the window is not harm",
   "topic": "hiccups"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.baby_acne.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Some babies develop small red or bumpy spots, called baby (neonatal) acne, on the cheeks, chin, forehead, or scalp in the first weeks, up to around 6 weeks of age. It usually needs no treatment and tends to settle on its own over the following weeks to months, with gentle plain-water cleansing being enough. It's always welcome to show your pediatrician if you're unsure whether it's acne.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS, Rashes in babies and children",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/symptoms/rashes-babies-and-children/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "expert_consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Source is NHS (UK); guidance is general and widely consistent, and US families should follow their pediatrician",
    "A rash that blisters, spreads quickly, or comes with fever is different and needs review (see red_flags: fever)"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "baby (neonatal) acne"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.bathing_frequency.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Newborns don't need daily baths; about three baths a week through the first year is plenty, since more frequent washing can dry out delicate skin. In between, gently cleaning the face, neck folds, and diaper area is enough. There's no single right routine, so what fits your family and your baby's skin works well.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org, Bathing Your Baby",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/bathing-skin-care/Pages/Bathing-Your-Newborn.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "expert_consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Bathwater should feel warm, not hot (test on wrist/elbow)",
    "Never leave a baby alone in or near water, even for a moment"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "how often to bathe a newborn"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.cord_care.medlineplus.v1",
   "statement": "MedlinePlus writes that the umbilical stump should dry and fall off by the time the baby is 5 to 15 days old, that it should be kept clean with gauze and water only, that the rest of the baby is sponge bathed and not placed in a tub until the stump has fallen off, and that the stump should be left to fall off naturally.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH National Library of Medicine)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001926.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-1 month",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "care instructions as published, including the age window and the bath restriction",
   "limitations": [
    "the same page lists infection signs separately",
    "see newborn.cord_infection.medlineplus.v1"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "the stump is never pulled off; anything that looks infected is a clinician call",
   "topic": "newborn"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.cord_clean_water_only.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Keep the umbilical cord stump clean with gauze and plain water only.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001926.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "cord clean water only"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.cord_falls_naturally.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Let the cord stump fall off on its own; do not pull it off, even if it is only hanging by a thread.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001926.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "cord falls naturally"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.cord_infection.medlineplus.v1",
   "statement": "MedlinePlus lists local infection signs at the umbilical stump as foul-smelling yellow drainage and redness, swelling or tenderness of the skin around it, and says to contact the health care provider immediately for signs of a more serious infection including poor feeding, a fever of 100.4F (38C) or higher, lethargy and floppy poor muscle tone.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH National Library of Medicine)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001926.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-1 month",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "escalation list quoted from the source, kept separate from the routine care instructions",
   "limitations": [
    "the source separates local infection from more serious infection and so do we"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never merged with the care instructions; the fever threshold here is the same one the AAP publishes for under 3 months",
   "topic": "newborn"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.diaper_avoid_wipes_alcohol.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Skip wipes that contain alcohol or perfume; they can dry out or irritate the skin more.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000964.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "diaper avoid wipes alcohol"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.diaper_barrier_products.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Zinc oxide or petroleum jelly-based products help keep moisture off the skin when applied to completely clean, dry skin; ask your provider which products are best for the diaper area.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000964.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "diaper barrier products"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.diaper_change_promptly.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Change diapers often and as soon as possible after pee or stool, cleaning gently with water and a soft cloth or cotton ball at each change.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000964.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "diaper change promptly"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.diaper_free_time.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Diaper-free time helps: lay your baby on a towel without a diaper whenever possible; the more time out of a diaper, the better.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000964.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "diaper free time"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.diaper_pat_dry_loose.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Pat the diaper area dry or let it air-dry, and put diapers on loosely; tight diapers block air flow and can rub the waist or thighs.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000964.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "diaper pat dry loose"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.diaper_rash_clean_dry.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "The best treatment for diaper rash is keeping the skin clean and dry, which also helps prevent new rashes.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000964.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "diaper rash clean dry"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.diaper_rash_common_age.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Diaper rashes are common in babies 4 to 15 months old and may show up more once babies begin eating solid foods.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000964.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "diaper rash common age"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.erythema_toxicum.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "A blotchy rash with small pale or yellow-white centers on a red base, often called erythema toxicum or 'E. tox,' is very common in the first few days and tends to move around and fade on its own. Because newborn rashes can occasionally be something else, showing it to your pediatrician when you're unsure is exactly the right call.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org, How Your Newborn Looks",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/pages/How-Your-Newborn-Looks.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "expert_consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Appears in the first days; a rash that blisters, has pus, or comes with fever or poor feeding needs prompt review (see red_flags)"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "erythema toxicum (newborn blotchy rash)"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.first_pediatric_visits.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Regular well-baby checkups start early: the AAP schedule includes a first visit at about 3 to 5 days old, then checkups at 1 month and 2 months. These visits track weight and feeding, answer your questions, and include recommended immunizations, so keeping them is one of the best things you can do in these months. If you don't yet have a pediatrician, choosing one before birth makes that first visit easy.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org, AAP Schedule of Well-Child Care Visits",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/health-management/Pages/Well-Child-Care-A-Check-Up-for-Success.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "established_clinical_guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Exact timing can vary by baby and practice; follow your pediatrician's plan",
    "Babies discharged very early may need an added early visit"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "schedule of first pediatric visits"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.hiccups.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Most babies hiccup here and there, often around feeds, and it tends to bother parents more than the baby. Slowing the feed, a pause to burp, or simply waiting usually lets them pass. There's nothing you need to fix, and your pediatrician is glad to answer questions at your next visit.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org, Baby Burping, Hiccups & Spit-Up",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/baby-burping-hiccups-and-spit-up.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "expert_consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Hiccups paired with lots of spit-up, poor feeding, or any breathing trouble should be mentioned to the pediatrician"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "newborn hiccups"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.jaundice_call.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP says to call the baby's doctor if the baby's skin turns more yellow, if the abdomen, arms or legs are yellow, if the whites of the eyes are yellow, or if the baby is hard to wake, fussy, or not nursing or taking formula well.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Jaundice.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-1 month",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "escalation list quoted from the AAP, never trimmed and never originated by LEELALU",
   "limitations": [
    "kept separate from the mechanism claim because the source keeps them separate"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "a baby who is hard to wake is an emergency regardless of colour; never softened",
   "topic": "newborn"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.jaundice_common.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes that jaundice is the yellow color seen in the skin of many newborns, that it happens when bilirubin builds up in the baby's blood, and that most babies develop jaundice in the first few days after birth because it takes a few days for the baby's liver to get better at removing bilirubin.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Jaundice.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-1 month",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the mechanism and its normal timing as published; never a statement that any individual baby needs no attention",
   "limitations": [
    "common is not the same as always harmless",
    "the AAP publishes a separate call-the-doctor list, see newborn.jaundice_call.aap.v1"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to reassure a parent whose baby matches anything on the call list",
   "topic": "newborn"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.jaundice_progression.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes that the best way to see jaundice is in white light such as daylight or fluorescent light, that jaundice usually appears first in the face and then moves to the chest, abdomen, arms and legs as the bilirubin level increases, that the whites of the eyes may also be yellow, and that jaundice may be harder to see in babies with darker skin color.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Jaundice.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-1 month",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "how to look and what the spread means, including the darker-skin caveat, which is part of the claim and is never trimmed",
   "limitations": [
    "the AAP describes a direction of spread, not a home severity scale",
    "nobody can grade bilirubin by eye and the source does not suggest it"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to decide a baby does not need checking; on darker skin the source says it is harder to see, which lowers the bar for calling rather than raising it",
   "topic": "newborn"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.milia.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Tiny white bumps or yellow spots called milia often dot a newborn's nose, cheeks, or chin in the early days and come from normal skin-gland activity. They typically clear on their own within the first few weeks and don't need creams or squeezing. Pointing them out at a checkup is perfectly welcome if you'd like reassurance.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org, How Your Newborn Looks",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/pages/How-Your-Newborn-Looks.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "expert_consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Milia resolve without treatment; squeezing can irritate the skin",
    "NHS (Rashes in babies and children, 2024-10-03) similarly notes milia usually go away within a few weeks without treatment"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "milia (tiny white bumps)"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.no_talcum_powder.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Do not use talcum powder in the diaper area; it can get into your baby's lungs.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000964.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "no talcum powder"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.peeling_skin.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Many newborns' skin looks dry and flaky and peels a little in the first weeks, whether they arrived early, late, or on time, as the outer layer adjusts to air after months in fluid. It usually needs no treatment beyond gentle care and, if you like, a plain fragrance-free moisturizer. Your pediatrician is happy to take a look if cracking or redness shows up.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org, How Your Newborn Looks",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/pages/How-Your-Newborn-Looks.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "expert_consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Deep cracks, bleeding, or spreading redness are different and worth a check"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "dry and peeling newborn skin"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.periodic_breathing.medlineplus.v1",
   "statement": "MedlinePlus writes that many bodily functions are not stable in the first months after birth, that this is normal and differs from infant to infant, and that periodic breathing, in which breathing starts and stops again, is normal and is not a sign of sudden infant death syndrome.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH National Library of Medicine)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002004.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the normal pattern plus the SIDS clarification the source attaches to it; the clarification is part of the claim and is never dropped",
   "limitations": [
    "this describes the normal pattern only",
    "the published pause thresholds that mean call for help come from Seattle Children's (15 seconds) and Cleveland Clinic (longer than 10 seconds) and are separate claims"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to reassure past a published pause threshold, a colour change, severe difficulty breathing, or a baby who cannot be woken",
   "topic": "newborn"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.sneezing.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Newborns make a whole range of little sounds and reflexes, including frequent sneezes and hiccups, as an everyday part of these early weeks. In a baby who is feeding and comfortable, sneezing on its own is something many parents notice. If it comes alongside a stuffy nose, cough, poor feeding, or any fever, that's worth a call to your pediatrician.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org, How Your Newborn Behaves",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/How-Your-Newborn-Behaves.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "expert_consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "The source lists sneezing/hiccups among normal newborn sounds; it does not address illness",
    "A newborn under 3 months with a rectal fever of 100.4°F/38°C needs urgent care regardless of sneezing (see red_flags)"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "newborn sneezing"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.sponge_bath_until_cord.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Until the umbilical cord stump falls off, usually around one to two weeks, sponge baths keep the area dry while it heals rather than tub baths. A warm, damp cloth over an undressed, blanket-wrapped baby on a safe surface does the job. Once the stump is gone (and any circumcision has healed), you can move to gentle tub baths.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org, Bathing Your Baby",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/bathing-skin-care/Pages/Bathing-Your-Newborn.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "expert_consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Always keep one hand on the baby and never leave unattended near water"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "sponge baths until the cord heals"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.stool_meconium.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "A newborn's very first stools are meconium, a thick, sticky substance that is black or dark green and filled the intestines before birth. Once it passes, stools shift to a lighter yellow-green over the first days as feeding gets going. Seeing this change is a common part of the early days, and bringing any diaper you're unsure about to your pediatrician's attention is always welcome.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org, Baby's First Days: Bowel Movements & Urination",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/babys-first-days-bowel-movements-and-urination.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "expert_consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "White, pale, or clay-colored stools, or blood-streaked stools, are not part of this shift and need a prompt call (see red_flags)"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "meconium and transitional stools"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.uncircumcised_care.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "An uncircumcised penis needs nothing special in the early months; just clean and bathe it gently like the rest of the diaper area. The foreskin is naturally attached to the tip at this age, so there's no need to pull it back to clean underneath, and it separates on its own over the coming years. Simple outside washing is all it needs.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "American Academy of Pediatrics, HealthyChildren.org, How to Care for Your Baby's Penis",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/bathing-skin-care/Pages/Caring-For-Your-Sons-Penis.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "expert_consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Do not force the foreskin back, as it can cause pain or injury",
    "Ask your pediatrician if you notice swelling, redness, or trouble urinating"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "uncircumcised penis care"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.weight_loss_first_week_normal.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "It is normal for babies to lose a little weight in the first week after birth.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding/positioning-and-attachment/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK (used as general education)",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "weight loss first week normal"
  },
  {
   "id": "newborn.weight_regain.nhs.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS writes that it is normal for babies to lose some weight in the first few days after birth, that the baby will be weighed during their first 2 weeks to make sure they are regaining their birthweight, and that most babies are at or above their birthweight by 3 weeks.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/babys-development/height-weight-and-reviews/baby-height-and-weight/"
   },
   "stage": "0-1 month",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published pattern and the check that goes with it",
   "limitations": [
    "UK source and UK care pathway",
    "the NHS says a midwife or health visitor supports a baby who loses a large amount or does not regain by 3 weeks"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "weight is measured on a clinician scale, never estimated at home from an article",
   "topic": "newborn"
  },
  {
   "id": "nutrition.iron_1mg_per_kg_4m.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP recommends, for infants who are partially or completely breastfeeding, \"1 mg/kg per day of oral iron until appropriate iron-containing complementary foods (including iron-fortified cereals) are introduced\", starting at 4 months of age.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/Vitamin-Iron-Supplements.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published dose, population and stopping point, as a description of a recommendation; LEELALU never doses a named baby",
   "limitations": [
    "a per kilogram dose is a prescription-shaped number and it belongs to the pediatrician, who confirms whether it applies and in what product",
    "formula fed babies are covered by fortified formula instead"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "LEELALU never tells a family a supplement amount for their baby; the pediatrician confirms it",
   "topic": "nutrition"
  },
  {
   "id": "nutrition.no_juice_under_1.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"Infants less than 1 year of age should not drink juice\" and \"Eating fruit is always preferred to drinking juice\", and lists 4 to 8 ounces of plain water per day for children 6 to 12 months.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/nutrition/Pages/Recommended-Drinks-for-Young-Children-Ages-0-5.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-5 years",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published rule and the published water amount; the juice rule is absolute in the source and stays absolute here",
   "limitations": [
    "the water figure is for 6 to 12 months",
    "babies under 6 months who are exclusively breastfed or formula fed are covered by separate guidance and do not need water"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "nutrition"
  },
  {
   "id": "nutrition.vitamin_d_400iu.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC writes that babies fed only breast milk, or both breast milk and infant formula, need a supplement of 400 IU of vitamin D every day beginning shortly after birth, and that babies taking 32 ounces or more of formula a day do not need it because formula is fortified.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/infant-toddler-nutrition/vitamins-minerals/vitamin-d.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published amount and the group it applies to, including the formula exception the source states",
   "limitations": [
    "CDC pages return HTTP 403 to direct fetch",
    "read on 2026-08-16 through a second fetch path, same handling PIPELINE.md records for ACOG and Mayo"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "the dose is the published one; LEELALU never adjusts it and never recommends any other supplement",
   "topic": "nutrition"
  },
  {
   "id": "nutrition.vitamin_d_breastfed.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC writes that breastfed and partially breastfed infants receive 400 International Units of vitamin D daily beginning in the first few days of life, that children younger than 12 months need 400 IU each day and children 12 to 24 months need 600 IU each day, and that families who do not wish to give a supplement directly to the infant should discuss maternal high-dose supplements with a health care provider.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/hcp/diet-micronutrients/vitamin-d.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-24 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published amounts by age plus the alternative the CDC names, which is a conversation with a clinician rather than a decision an article makes",
   "limitations": [
    "CDC pages return HTTP 403 to direct fetch",
    "read on 2026-08-16 through a second fetch path, same handling PIPELINE.md records for ACOG and Mayo",
    "this page is written for health care providers, and the parent-facing CDC page carries the same 400 IU figure"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "LEELALU never recommends a maternal high-dose supplement; the source routes that to a provider and so do we",
   "topic": "nutrition"
  },
  {
   "id": "nutrition.whole_milk_12_24m.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP recommended drinks table lists whole milk as the milk for children 12 to 24 months, and 8 to 32 ounces of water per day at that age.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/nutrition/Pages/Recommended-Drinks-for-Young-Children-Ages-0-5.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "12-24 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published milk and water for the second year, quoted from the AAP's own table",
   "limitations": [
    "this begins at 12 months, not before",
    "the same table says infants under 1 year should not drink juice and that cow's milk is not the drink before 12 months. Families who breastfeed are not required to switch, which is a separate WHO claim"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "cow's milk as a main drink does not start before 12 months",
   "topic": "nutrition"
  },
  {
   "id": "postpartum.afterpains.0_14w.v1",
   "statement": "In the first days after birth, many parents feel period-like belly cramps called afterpains as the uterus shrinks back toward its pre-pregnancy size. They are often more noticeable during breastfeeding, which releases the hormone that makes the uterus contract. They usually ease within a few days; cramping that is severe, one-sided, or comes with fever or heavy bleeding should be checked.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Office on Women's Health (womenshealth.gov), Recovering from birth",
    "url": "https://womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/childbirth-and-beyond/recovering-birth"
   },
   "stage": "postpartum 0-14 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Strong, US government health authority",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Afterpains are often stronger after a second or later baby",
    "Severe or worsening pain is not covered by this general statement"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "Afterpains (postpartum uterine cramping)"
  },
  {
   "id": "postpartum.breast_engorgement.0_14w.v1",
   "statement": "Your milk usually comes in about 3 to 6 days after birth, and around then breasts can feel full, firm, tender, or uncomfortable. This is engorgement. Even parents who are not breastfeeding may leak milk and feel fullness. Frequent feeding or gentle expression, plus cold packs between feeds for comfort, usually helps; a red, hot, painful area with flu-like symptoms may be mastitis and needs prompt attention (see red_flags: mastitis).",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Office on Women's Health (womenshealth.gov), Recovering from birth",
    "url": "https://womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/childbirth-and-beyond/recovering-birth"
   },
   "stage": "postpartum 0-14 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Strong, US government health authority",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Timing of milk coming in varies",
    "Does not address a fever or focal breast infection (see mastitis)"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "Breast engorgement / milk coming in"
  },
  {
   "id": "postpartum.engorgement_cause.0_14w.v1",
   "statement": "Engorgement happens when milk isn't fully removed from the breast; it is most likely as your milk transitions from colostrum to mature milk or when feeding patterns suddenly change.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/engorgement"
   },
   "stage": "postpartum 0-14 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "engorgement cause"
  },
  {
   "id": "postpartum.engorgement_few_days.0_14w.v1",
   "statement": "For most moms, engorgement usually goes away in a few days with simple relief steps, starting with breastfeeding first from the engorged breast.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/engorgement"
   },
   "stage": "postpartum 0-14 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "engorgement few days"
  },
  {
   "id": "postpartum.engorgement_prevention.0_14w.v1",
   "statement": "Breastfeeding or expressing milk every 2-3 hours and taking good care of yourself can help prevent engorgement.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/engorgement"
   },
   "stage": "postpartum 0-14 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "engorgement prevention"
  },
  {
   "id": "postpartum.engorgement_relief_warmth.0_14w.v1",
   "statement": "For engorgement, encourage milk flow before feedings with a warm moist washcloth on your breasts or a warm shower for 10-20 minutes, and use cold compresses between feedings.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/engorgement"
   },
   "stage": "postpartum 0-14 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "engorgement relief warmth"
  },
  {
   "id": "postpartum.engorgement_soften_to_latch.0_14w.v1",
   "statement": "If your breast is hard, hand express or pump a little milk before nursing to soften it and make latching easier, expressing only enough for comfort.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/engorgement"
   },
   "stage": "postpartum 0-14 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "engorgement soften to latch"
  },
  {
   "id": "postpartum.first_bowel_movement.0_14w.v1",
   "statement": "It can take a few days for your first bowel movement after birth, often within a day or two after a vaginal birth and sometimes three to four days after a cesarean, and feeling nervous about it is normal. Staying hydrated, fiber, and stool softeners make it easier, and gently supporting any stitches with clean toilet paper can help. Hemorrhoids are common and usually improve, but tell your provider about severe pain or heavy rectal bleeding.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Cleveland Clinic, What To Know About Pooping After Giving Birth",
    "url": "https://health.clevelandclinic.org/postpartum-poop"
   },
   "stage": "postpartum 0-14 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Moderate, reputable academic medical center",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Timing ranges are typical, not fixed",
    "Persistent inability to pass stool needs medical evaluation"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "First bowel movement & hemorrhoids fear"
  },
  {
   "id": "postpartum.hemorrhoids.0_14w.v1",
   "statement": "Hemorrhoids (swollen, sometimes painful veins around the anus) are very common in pregnancy and after birth, and pushing during labor and postpartum constipation can aggravate them. Warm sitz baths, keeping stools soft with fluids, fiber, and stool softeners, and gentle over-the-counter soothing products usually help them settle over the following weeks. Let your provider know about severe pain or heavy rectal bleeding.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "March of Dimes, Your body after baby: The first 6 weeks",
    "url": "https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/postpartum/your-body-after-baby-first-6-weeks"
   },
   "stage": "postpartum 0-14 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Moderate, reputable maternal-health nonprofit",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Confirm any medicated product with your provider, especially while breastfeeding",
    "Severe pain or heavy bleeding needs evaluation"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "Postpartum hemorrhoids"
  },
  {
   "id": "postpartum.how_to_ask_for_help.0_14w.v1",
   "statement": "Asking for help is a sign of strength, and support is available 24/7 and free. In the US you can call or text the National Maternal Mental Health Hotline at 1-833-852-6262 (1-833-TLC-MAMA), and Postpartum Support International offers a HelpLine at 1-800-944-4773 (call or text) plus local provider referrals. You do not need to be in crisis or have a diagnosis to reach out. A good first step can also be telling your partner, a trusted person, or your provider how you are really feeling.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Office on Women's Health (womenshealth.gov), Postpartum depression",
    "url": "https://womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/postpartum-depression"
   },
   "stage": "postpartum 0-14 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Strong, US government health authority",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "PSI HelpLine (1-800-944-4773) is a support/referral line, not a crisis line, verified at https://postpartum.net/get-help/psi-helpline/",
    "For an emergency or thoughts of self-harm, use 988 or 911 instead (see red_flags)"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "How to ask for help (support resources)"
  },
  {
   "id": "postpartum.leg_swelling.0_14w.v1",
   "statement": "Mild swelling in the legs and feet is common in the early postpartum days as your body clears the extra fluid from pregnancy, and elevating your feet when you can helps. This is different from a warning sign: swelling, redness, or pain in just one leg, especially with warmth or calf tenderness, can signal a blood clot and needs urgent evaluation (see red_flags: blood clot). When in doubt about swelling, it is always okay to call your provider.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Office on Women's Health (womenshealth.gov), Recovering from birth",
    "url": "https://womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/childbirth-and-beyond/recovering-birth"
   },
   "stage": "postpartum 0-14 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Strong, US government health authority",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "General swelling only; one-sided leg swelling/pain is a red flag, not covered here",
    "Sudden severe swelling of face/hands can signal preeclampsia, see red_flags"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "Leg/foot swelling after birth"
  },
  {
   "id": "postpartum.mastitis_when_to_call.0_14w.v1",
   "statement": "Mastitis is inflammation of the breast that can bring a red, swollen, hot, painful area, often with flu-like aches and a fever. If you are breastfeeding it is generally recommended to keep nursing or expressing, and cold compresses and rest can help. Because mastitis can worsen, reach out to your provider if symptoms do not improve within about 12 to 24 hours of home care, or sooner if you feel very unwell or have a high fever (see red_flags: mastitis).",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS, Mastitis",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mastitis/"
   },
   "stage": "postpartum 0-14 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Strong, national health service patient guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "UK (NHS) source; guidance applies generally, terminology differs (GP = your provider)",
    "High fever or feeling very unwell warrants same-day care, not waiting"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "Mastitis basics: signs and when to call"
  },
  {
   "id": "postpartum.mature_milk_timing.0_14w.v1",
   "statement": "About 10-15 days after birth you start making mature milk, which has all the nutrients your baby needs.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/phases-breast-milk"
   },
   "stage": "postpartum 0-14 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "mature milk timing"
  },
  {
   "id": "postpartum.nipple_care_water_only.0_14w.v1",
   "statement": "Washing with clean water is all you need to keep your nipples and breasts clean; avoid harsh soaps or ointments that contain astringents.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/sore-nipples"
   },
   "stage": "postpartum 0-14 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "nipple care water only"
  },
  {
   "id": "postpartum.nipple_pain_latch_adjust.0_14w.v1",
   "statement": "If your nipple is pinched, flat, or a different shape than usual after you breastfeed, you may need to adjust your baby's latch.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/sore-nipples"
   },
   "stage": "postpartum 0-14 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "nipple pain latch adjust"
  },
  {
   "id": "postpartum.nipple_tenderness_early.0_14w.v1",
   "statement": "Soon after birth your nipples may be sensitive or tender as they adjust to breastfeeding; lasting pain or soreness is a sign to ask for breastfeeding help.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/sore-nipples"
   },
   "stage": "postpartum 0-14 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "nipple tenderness early"
  },
  {
   "id": "postpartum.perineal_care.0_14w.v1",
   "statement": "If you had a vaginal birth, the perineum (the area between the vagina and anus) is often sore, and gentle care helps: rinsing with a warm-water squirt (peri) bottle after using the toilet, cold packs in the early days, and warm sitz baths can ease discomfort. Most tears feel better within a few weeks and are typically healed by around the six-week check. If pain increases or you notice pus, a foul smell, or fever, contact your provider (see red_flags: wound/infection).",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Cleveland Clinic, Treating Vaginal Tears After Birth",
    "url": "https://health.clevelandclinic.org/how-to-heal-vaginal-tears"
   },
   "stage": "postpartum 0-14 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Moderate, reputable academic medical center",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Healing time varies with tear degree",
    "Deeper (3rd/4th degree) tears may take longer and need closer follow-up"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "Perineal healing & care"
  },
  {
   "id": "postpartum.realistic_recovery_timeline.0_14w.v1",
   "statement": "Recovery from birth is gradual, and the traditional six-week mark is better thought of as a checkpoint than a finish line: many parents are still healing and regaining energy well beyond it. Bleeding, soreness, sleep, mood, and core and pelvic strength each recover on their own timelines. Be gentle with yourself, and bring any lingering concerns to your postpartum visits rather than assuming you should already feel back to normal.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "ACOG, What to Expect at a Postpartum Checkup (fourth trimester)",
    "url": "https://www.acog.org/womens-health/experts-and-stories/the-latest/what-to-expect-at-a-postpartum-checkup-and-why-the-visit-matters"
   },
   "stage": "postpartum 0-14 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Strong, professional medical guidance (ACOG)",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Recovery varies widely by birth type and complications",
    "Persistent problems beyond expected ranges deserve evaluation"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "Realistic recovery timelines"
  },
  {
   "id": "postpartum.transitional_milk.0_14w.v1",
   "statement": "You make transitional milk from 2-5 days after delivery until up to 2 weeks after delivery, as mature milk gradually replaces colostrum, and your breasts may feel fuller and warmer during this time.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/phases-breast-milk"
   },
   "stage": "postpartum 0-14 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "transitional milk"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.blastocyst_early_development.medlineplus.v1",
   "statement": "MedlinePlus writes that the fertilized egg divides to form \"a ball of cells called a blastocyst\" made up of \"an inner group of cells with an outer shell\", that the inner group becomes the embryo, and that in the first weeks \"Your baby's brain, spinal cord, and heart begin to develop\" and the gastrointestinal tract starts to form.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH National Library of Medicine)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002398.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published sequence in the source's own words; no germ-layer breakdown is published here and none is stated",
   "limitations": [
    "read live 2026-08-17: this page does NOT publish the three germ layers, the neural tube by name, or which layer becomes the kidneys. Those statements were removed from the week-5 page on 2026-08-17 because no source we can read publishes them"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.caffeine_200mg.acog.v1",
   "statement": "ACOG writes \"Moderate caffeine consumption (less than 200 mg per day) does not appear to be a major contributing factor in miscarriage or preterm birth\" and that \"The relationship of caffeine to growth restriction remains undetermined\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "ACOG",
    "url": "https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2010/08/moderate-caffeine-consumption-during-pregnancy"
   },
   "stage": "0-40 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published finding and the published uncertainty, together; does not appear to be a major contributing factor is not the same claim as is safe, and we never upgrade one into the other",
   "limitations": [
    "the growth-restriction sentence travels with the reassurance and is never dropped. The figure is a daily total from all sources, not one cup, and ACOG makes no finding above 200 mg"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.callnow_no_pattern.v1",
   "statement": "Some signs mean call now regardless of any contraction pattern: heavy vaginal bleeding means call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room; the baby moving less than usual, waters breaking with green, brown, or red color or without contractions starting, constant severe pain with no break between contractions, or possible labor before 37 weeks all mean call the provider or maternity unit right away.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC HEAR HER (bleeding severity routing) + NHS signs of labour",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/hearher/maternal-warning-signs/index.html"
   },
   "stage": "24-42 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "escalation list; this claim only ever routes toward care, never reassures",
   "limitations": [
    "heavy-bleeding routing matches the LEELALU emergency corpus bleeding_heavy reply (911/ER)",
    "the constant-severe-pain bullet and ACOG-derived items need a human source recheck, ACOG pages block automated fetch (HTTP 402 on 2026-07-24)",
    "NHS supports reduced movements, colored or early waters, and pre-37-week calls"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "the tool never triages which sign is serious enough; all route to care now",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.carseat_tech_before_birth.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP suggests meeting with a certified child passenger safety technician before your baby is born to make sure the car seat is installed correctly for a safe ride home from the hospital.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/on-the-go/Pages/Car-Safety-Seats-Information-for-Families.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "28-40 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "preparation suggestion for car seat installation",
   "limitations": [
    "technician availability varies by area",
    "many fire stations and hospitals offer free checks"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.early_loss_rate.acog.v1",
   "statement": "ACOG writes that early pregnancy loss \"is common, occurring in 10% of all clinically recognized pregnancies\", that \"Approximately 80% of all cases of pregnancy loss occur within the first trimester\", and that \"Approximately 50% of all cases of early pregnancy loss are due to fetal chromosomal abnormalities\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "ACOG",
    "url": "https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-bulletin/articles/2018/11/early-pregnancy-loss"
   },
   "stage": "0-13 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published rates as published; clinically recognized is load bearing and is never dropped, because losses before recognition are not in this figure",
   "limitations": [
    "a population rate says nothing about any one pregnancy. The chromosomal figure is about half of cases, not about cause in a named pregnancy, and it is never used to tell someone why their loss happened"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.early_signs.medlineplus.v1",
   "statement": "MedlinePlus writes that \"the most common sign of early pregnancy is a missed period\" and lists as other common signs swollen and tender breasts, fatigue, a frequent need to urinate, nausea and vomiting, and feeling bloated, adding that \"Symptoms of pregnancy vary\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH National Library of Medicine)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pregnancy-test/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published list and the published variability; a list of what may happen, never a checklist a pregnancy must match",
   "limitations": [
    "the page does not attribute fatigue to progesterone or to blood volume",
    "those mechanisms were removed from the week-5 and week-6 pages on 2026-08-17 because neither readable source publishes them"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.ectopic_emergency.acog.v1",
   "statement": "ACOG lists among ectopic pregnancy symptoms \"Sudden, severe pain in the abdomen or pelvis\", \"Shoulder pain\" and \"Weakness, dizziness, or fainting\", writes that \"A ruptured fallopian tube can cause life-threatening internal bleeding\", and instructs \"If you have sudden, severe pain; shoulder pain; or weakness, you should go to an emergency room\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "ACOG",
    "url": "https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/ectopic-pregnancy"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published symptom set and the published emergency instruction, quoted exactly; the routing is ACOG's and is never softened or rephrased",
   "limitations": [
    "read live 2026-08-17: ACOG says go to an emergency room and does NOT say call 911 on this page. The week-4 page was rewritten on 2026-08-17 to stop attributing a 911 instruction to ACOG"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "these symptoms are an emergency room visit",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.fetus_growth_stages.acog.v1",
   "statement": "ACOG writes that the dividing cells move \"through the fallopian tube to the lining of the uterus\" where \"it implants and starts to grow\", that \"For 8 weeks after fertilization, it is called an embryo\" and \"From 9 weeks after fertilization until birth, it is called a fetus\", and that \"The placenta is formed from some of these rapidly dividing cells\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "ACOG",
    "url": "https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/how-your-fetus-grows-during-pregnancy"
   },
   "stage": "0-40 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published naming boundaries and the published origin of the placenta",
   "limitations": [
    "read live 2026-08-17: this page does not use the word blastocyst",
    "that term is MedlinePlus's and is cited there. ACOG counts weeks from fertilization here while pregnancy weeks are counted from the last period, a two week difference that is never silently merged"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.fever_38c.nhs.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS writes \"A high temperature is usually considered to be 38C or above. This is sometimes called a fever\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/symptoms/fever-in-adults/"
   },
   "stage": "adults",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published threshold for an adult; it is a definition, not a pregnancy-specific instruction",
   "limitations": [
    "this is the NHS adult definition and the page is not pregnancy specific",
    "what to do about a fever in pregnancy is a call to the pregnancy care provider, which is our routing and is labelled as such"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.first_trimester_bleeding.acog.v1",
   "statement": "ACOG writes \"Bleeding in the first trimester happens in 15 to 25 in 100 pregnancies\", that \"Light bleeding or spotting can occur 1 to 2 weeks after fertilization when the fertilized egg implants in the lining of the uterus\", and \"Contact your obstetrician-gynecologist (ob-gyn) if you have any bleeding at any time during pregnancy\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "ACOG",
    "url": "https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/bleeding-during-pregnancy"
   },
   "stage": "0-40 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published frequency, the published implantation timing, and the published instruction to call; the instruction is unconditional in the source and stays unconditional here",
   "limitations": [
    "ACOG writes 1 to 2 weeks after fertilization, not 10 to 14 days after conception",
    "the week-4 page was rewritten on 2026-08-17 to use ACOG's own window. Common does not mean harmless: the same page still routes any bleeding to the ob-gyn"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "any bleeding in pregnancy is a call to the ob-gyn",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.folic_acid_400.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC recommends \"400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid daily\" for \"All women capable of becoming pregnant\" to help prevent \"serious birth defects called neural tube defects\", starting \"at least 1 month before conception\" and continuing through early pregnancy.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/folic-acid/about/index.html"
   },
   "stage": "preconception-12 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published amount, population, purpose and timing; a public health recommendation, never a dose we set for a person",
   "limitations": [
    "CDC pages return 403 to direct fetch and were read through a second fetch path on 2026-08-17. Some pregnancies need a higher amount on clinical advice, which is a conversation with a clinician and not something LEELALU adjusts"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "LEELALU never changes a supplement amount for a person; the clinician does",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.hcg_from_placenta.medlineplus.v1",
   "statement": "MedlinePlus writes that a pregnancy test checks for \"a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)\", that \"This hormone is made by the placenta\", that \"The placenta starts making hCG after a fertilized egg attaches to the inside wall of your uterus\", and that levels then continue to rise.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH National Library of Medicine)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pregnancy-test/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "where hCG comes from and when it starts, as published; no rate of rise and no ovarian mechanism is stated",
   "limitations": [
    "read live 2026-08-17: the page does not say hCG signals the ovaries to stop releasing eggs or to make more estrogen and progesterone. That sentence was removed from the week-4 page on 2026-08-17"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.home_test_accuracy.medlineplus.v1",
   "statement": "MedlinePlus writes that home and office urine pregnancy tests \"are 97-99% accurate when done a week or two after you've missed your period\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH National Library of Medicine)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pregnancy-test/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published accuracy with its published timing attached; the timing is part of the number and never travels without it",
   "limitations": [
    "a test taken earlier than a week after a missed period is outside the range this figure describes, which is why a negative early result is retested rather than trusted"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.hospital_bag_items.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS hospital bag checklist includes comfortable clothes and wash things for you, snacks and a long phone charging cable, any medicines you are taking, sleepsuits and a hat for the baby, nappies, muslin squares, a blanket, and a car seat for the trip home, plus a change of clothes and snacks for your birth partner.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/labour-and-birth/preparing-for-the-birth/pack-your-bag-for-labour/"
   },
   "stage": "32-40 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "practical packing list, not a medical requirement",
   "limitations": [
    "UK source",
    "hospital policies differ, check what your birth location provides"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.hospital_bag_timing.v1",
   "statement": "Have your hospital bag packed at least 3 weeks before your due date, so you are ready if your baby arrives early.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/labour-and-birth/preparing-for-the-birth/pack-your-bag-for-labour/"
   },
   "stage": "32-40 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "practical preparation timing",
   "limitations": [
    "UK source",
    "timing heuristic, not a medical claim"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.labour_signs.v1",
   "statement": "Common signs that labour is starting include regular contractions or tightenings, a show as the mucus plug comes away, backache, and your waters breaking.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/labour-and-birth/signs-of-labour/signs-that-labour-has-begun/"
   },
   "stage": "36-42 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "descriptive list of labour signs",
   "limitations": [
    "signs before 37 weeks are a call-now situation, not a checklist"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "bleeding, reduced movements, or constant pain are urgent calls, not labour watching",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.miscarriage_bleeding.nhs.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS writes that the main symptom of miscarriage is usually vaginal bleeding before 24 weeks, describes the range as spotting, \"larger areas of pink, red or brown blood that may need a period pad (light bleeding)\" and \"red blood that soaks through a pad (heavy bleeding)\", and lists \"pain and cramping in your lower tummy\" among other symptoms.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/miscarriage/symptoms/"
   },
   "stage": "0-24 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published gradation of bleeding, in the NHS's own three bands; the soaks-through-a-pad line is the NHS's threshold and not ours",
   "limitations": [
    "UK guidance. The same page notes that sometimes there are no symptoms at all, so an absence of bleeding is not reassurance about anything"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "bleeding that soaks through a pad is contact-your-provider-today",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.movement_change_act_now.v1",
   "statement": "If your baby is moving less than usual, or the pattern of movements changes, contact your midwife, OB, or maternity unit immediately, at any hour; do not wait until morning.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/keeping-well/your-babys-movements/"
   },
   "stage": "24-42 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "urgent action instruction; this claim always escalates, never reassures",
   "limitations": [
    "none"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "Lu never suggests waiting, drinking something cold, or home monitoring as a substitute for calling",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.movement_felt_16_24w.v1",
   "statement": "Most people start to feel their baby move between 16 and 24 weeks of pregnancy, often later with a first baby, and movements should continue right up to and during labour.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/keeping-well/your-babys-movements/"
   },
   "stage": "16-42 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "descriptive range plus the key expectation that movement does not slow before birth",
   "limitations": [
    "first-movement timing varies"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to reassure someone reporting reduced movements",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.nausea_timing.acog.v1",
   "statement": "ACOG writes \"Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy usually starts before 9 weeks of pregnancy\", \"For most women, it goes away by 14 weeks of pregnancy\", and that for some it lasts several weeks or months and for a few it lasts throughout the pregnancy.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "ACOG",
    "url": "https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/morning-sickness-nausea-and-vomiting-of-pregnancy"
   },
   "stage": "0-40 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published arc including its published tail; most women by 14 weeks is not everyone and the exceptions are part of the claim",
   "limitations": [
    "the any-time-of-day observation is the NHS's on a different page and is cited there",
    "severe nausea and vomiting that prevents keeping liquids down is a separate route to a clinician"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "vomiting that stops fluids going down is a call to the provider",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.nhs_early_symptoms.nhs.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS writes that \"the earliest and most reliable sign of pregnancy is a missed period\", that it is common to feel tired \"or even exhausted\" in the first 12 weeks or so and that hormonal changes \"can make you feel tired, sick, emotional and upset\", that breasts \"may become larger and feel tender\", that \"You may feel the need to pee more often than usual, including during the night\", and lists constipation, more vaginal discharge, and strange tastes, smells and cravings including a metallic taste.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/trying-for-a-baby/signs-and-symptoms-of-pregnancy/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published symptom set in the NHS's own words, including the NHS's own ranking of the missed period as earliest and most reliable",
   "limitations": [
    "UK guidance. The most reliable ranking is the NHS's and is only ever used with the NHS named",
    "the page publishes no mechanism, so progesterone and blood volume explanations are not sourced here and were removed on 2026-08-17"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.nhs_week5_development.nhs.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS writes at week 5 \"Your baby's nervous system is developing, and the brain and spinal cord are taking shape. The tiny heart is starting to form and will beat for the first time around now\", and that the embryo \"is around 2mm long (about the size of a sesame seed)\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/pregnancy/week-by-week-guide-to-pregnancy/1st-trimester/week-5/"
   },
   "stage": "5 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published description and the published size for this week, from the NHS's own week-by-week guide",
   "limitations": [
    "UK guidance. The old nhs.uk/pregnancy/week-by-week URL now 301 redirects here and the citation was updated on 2026-08-17",
    "a cited address that redirects is a citation that has drifted"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.nhs_week6_development.nhs.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS writes at week 6 that the baby is \"the size of a baked bean\", that limb buds are starting to form, that \"There are tiny dents where the ears will be\" and \"There's a bump where the heart is\", and that \"Morning sickness can occur at any time of day, although it's usually worse when you first wake up\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/pregnancy/week-by-week-guide-to-pregnancy/1st-trimester/week-6/"
   },
   "stage": "6 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published description, size and nausea timing for this week, from the NHS's own week-by-week guide",
   "limitations": [
    "read live 2026-08-17: the NHS says a baked bean, not a lentil or a small pea, and the week-6 page was corrected on the same day. The old nhs.uk/pregnancy URL now 301 redirects here"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.no_home_doppler.v1",
   "statement": "Home dopplers are not a reliable way to check on your baby; a change in movements needs professional assessment, not a home device.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/keeping-well/your-babys-movements/"
   },
   "stage": "16-42 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "device warning supporting the act-now instruction",
   "limitations": [
    "none"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "finding a heartbeat at home does not mean the baby is well",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.no_safe_alcohol.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC writes \"There is no known safe amount of alcohol use during pregnancy\", \"There is no safe time during pregnancy to drink alcohol\", \"All types of alcohol can be harmful, including red or white wine, beer, and liquor\", and \"It is never too late to stop alcohol use during pregnancy. Stopping alcohol use will improve the baby's health and well-being\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol-pregnancy/about/index.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-40 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published position quoted whole, including the never-too-late half, which is the part that matters to someone who has already had a drink",
   "limitations": [
    "the four sentences travel together. Quoting the prohibition without the never-too-late line turns published guidance into published guilt, and this claim may not be split that way"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.prenatal_schedule.marchofdimes.v1",
   "statement": "March of Dimes writes \"Call your provider to schedule your first prenatal care checkup as soon as you know you're pregnant\" and publishes the schedule \"Weeks 4 to 28 of pregnancy. Go for one checkup every 4 weeks (once a month). Weeks 28 to 36 of pregnancy. Go for one checkup every 2 weeks. Weeks 36 to 41 of pregnancy. Go for one checkup every week\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "March of Dimes",
    "url": "https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/planning-baby/prenatal-care-checkups"
   },
   "stage": "0-41 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published schedule for most pregnancies; the same source says a pregnancy with complications is seen more often, and that condition is part of the claim",
   "limitations": [
    "March of Dimes writes most pregnant women can follow a schedule like this",
    "the actual schedule belongs to the provider and LEELALU never sets or adjusts one"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.rule_511.v1",
   "statement": "Cleveland Clinic's guidance on contraction pattern: once contractions last about 60 seconds and come every 3 to 5 minutes, it is time to go to where you are giving birth. The widely used shorthand 5-1-1 (about 5 minutes apart, about 1 minute long, for about 1 hour) is a rule of thumb families hear rather than a published standard, and a provider's own instructions always override both.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Cleveland Clinic",
    "url": "https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/contractions"
   },
   "stage": "36-42 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "timing guidance attributed to the organisation that published it; 5-1-1 named only as the shorthand families hear, never presented as a clinical standard; escalation boundary: uncertainty, anything feeling wrong, or being before 37 weeks means call now, never keep timing",
   "limitations": [
    "Cleveland Clinic publishes 3 to 5 minutes with 60 second contractions, not the 5-1-1 phrasing",
    "no authoritative body publishes 5-1-1 itself, which is why it is labelled a rule of thumb",
    "providers set their own numbers and those come first"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to talk anyone out of calling their provider or going in; never presented as LEELALU's own threshold; NHS guidance, call at every 5 minutes or more often, is presented alongside it",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.side_sleep_28w.v1",
   "statement": "From 28 weeks of pregnancy the safest position to go to sleep is on your side, left or right; research links falling asleep on your back with about double the risk of stillbirth. If you wake up on your back, do not panic, just settle back onto your side.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/related-conditions/common-symptoms/tiredness/"
   },
   "stage": "28-42 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "going-to-sleep position guidance with reassurance about waking on the back",
   "limitations": [
    "risk figure comes from observational studies",
    "UK source"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "not a statement about naps before 28 weeks; anxiety about position goes to the midwife or OB",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.smoking_risks.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC writes that a baby \"may be born too early (premature birth)\", \"may be born too small, even after a full-term pregnancy\" because \"Smoking slows your baby's growth before birth\", that babies of mothers who smoke in pregnancy \"have a higher risk for SIDS\", and that \"The best time to quit smoking is before you get pregnant, but quitting at any time during pregnancy can help your baby get a better start on life\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/pregnancy.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-40 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published risks and the published statement that quitting at any time helps; the second half is part of the claim",
   "limitations": [
    "the CDC names SIDS risk rather than infant death generally, and it attaches the risk to smoke exposure after birth as well as during pregnancy"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.true_false_labor.v1",
   "statement": "True labor contractions come at regular intervals and get longer, stronger, and closer together over time; contractions that fade when you rest and drink water are usually not true labor.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "ACOG",
    "url": "https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/how-to-tell-when-labor-begins"
   },
   "stage": "36-42 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "pattern description to help time contractions; uncertainty resolves by calling the OB",
   "limitations": [
    "ACOG notes sometimes only a cervical exam can tell the difference",
    "source fetch bot-blocked (HTTP 402 on 2026-07-24), live-link and wording check needs a human recheck"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to talk anyone out of calling their OB or going in",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.urgent_warning_signs.v1",
   "statement": "CDC lists urgent maternal warning signs during pregnancy and the year after birth, including severe headache, vision changes, fever of 100.4 F or higher, trouble breathing, chest pain, severe belly pain, decreased fetal movement, heavy vaginal bleeding, and thoughts of self-harm or harming the baby; any of these means seek medical care immediately.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC HEAR HER",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/hearher/maternal-warning-signs/index.html"
   },
   "stage": "pregnancy-12 months postpartum",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "escalation list; this claim only ever routes toward care",
   "limitations": [
    "list is not exhaustive",
    "if something feels wrong, call"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "Lu never triages which sign is serious enough; all route to care now",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "preg.water_breaks_call.v1",
   "statement": "If your water breaks, call your ob-gyn or obstetric care provider and follow their instructions.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "ACOG",
    "url": "https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/how-to-tell-when-labor-begins"
   },
   "stage": "36-42 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "single clear action on rupture of membranes",
   "limitations": [
    "fluid can trickle or gush",
    "either counts",
    "source fetch bot-blocked (HTTP 402 on 2026-07-24), live-link and wording check needs a human recheck"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "preg"
  },
  {
   "id": "pregnancy.birth_plan.28_40w.v1",
   "statement": "A birth plan is simply a way to let your midwives, nurses, and doctors know what you'd like during labour and just after, such as who's with you, positions, pain-relief preferences, skin-to-skin, and how you'd like to feed. It's personal to you, and it helps to talk it through with your provider as you write it. Keep it flexible; birth doesn't always go to plan, and it's okay for things to change on the day.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS - How to make a birth plan",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/labour-and-birth/preparing-for-the-birth/how-to-make-a-birth-plan/"
   },
   "stage": "pregnancy 28-40 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "expert_consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education on what a birth plan is and how to approach it; not clinical advice about any specific choice.",
   "limitations": [
    "Available options (e.g., pain relief, settings) differ by country, facility, and provider",
    "Source is UK NHS"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "Birth plan basics"
  },
  {
   "id": "pregnancy.braxton_hicks_vs_labor.28_40w.v1",
   "statement": "In the weeks before birth you may feel your bump tighten in 'practice' contractions (often called Braxton Hicks); these are usually painless, don't come often, and don't build up. The contractions of labour tend to be different, getting longer, stronger, and closer together over time. If you're unsure which you're having, timing them and calling your provider can help you sort it out.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS - Signs that labour has begun",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/labour-and-birth/signs-of-labour/signs-that-labour-has-begun/"
   },
   "stage": "pregnancy 28-40 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "expert_consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education on how practice tightenings tend to differ from labour contractions; not a diagnosis of whether labour has started.",
   "limitations": [
    "NHS source uses the term 'practice contractions'; 'Braxton Hicks' is the common synonym",
    "Cannot distinguish preterm labour from practice contractions before 37 weeks - that needs provider assessment"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal; if before 37 weeks or painful/regular, route to preterm-labour red flag",
   "topic": "Braxton Hicks vs real contractions"
  },
  {
   "id": "pregnancy.colostrum_breastfeeding_prep.28_40w.v1",
   "statement": "In the first days after birth your body makes colostrum, a thick, often golden 'first milk' that's concentrated and full of nutrition. Because it's so rich, your newborn only needs a small amount, about a teaspoon, at each feed, and feeding often in the early days is expected. Skin-to-skin right after birth is a lovely time for a first feed and helps your baby find the breast.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS - Breastfeeding: the first few days",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/breastfeeding-and-bottle-feeding/breastfeeding/the-first-few-days/"
   },
   "stage": "pregnancy 28-40 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "expert_consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education on colostrum and early feeding; not individualized lactation advice.",
   "limitations": [
    "Antenatal colostrum expression/harvesting is sometimes advised in specific cases and should only be done on provider guidance",
    "Feeding challenges warrant an IBCLC/lactation professional"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal; not advice to start antenatal hand-expression without provider clearance",
   "topic": "Colostrum / breastfeeding prep"
  },
  {
   "id": "pregnancy.constipation.28_40w.v1",
   "statement": "Constipation is common in pregnancy, largely because of pregnancy hormones. Eating high-fibre foods, drinking plenty of water, and staying gently active can all help keep things moving. Iron supplements can add to it, so mention ongoing constipation to your provider, who can advise.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS - Common health problems in pregnancy",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/common-symptoms/common-health-problems/"
   },
   "stage": "pregnancy 28-40 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "expert_consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education and self-care; not a directive to change any prescribed supplement without advice.",
   "limitations": [
    "Do not stop prescribed iron without provider advice",
    "Source is UK NHS"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "Constipation"
  },
  {
   "id": "pregnancy.early_signs_labor.28_40w.v1",
   "statement": "Labour can begin in a few different ways: regular tightening contractions, a low backache or heavy achy feeling, a 'show' of jelly-like mucus, an urge to open your bowels, or your waters breaking. These signs can arrive in any order, and early labour can take a while to get going. If you think labour may be starting, contact your maternity provider for guidance on what to do next.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS - Signs that labour has begun",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/labour-and-birth/signs-of-labour/signs-that-labour-has-begun/"
   },
   "stage": "pregnancy 28-40 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "expert_consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education on the range of early labour signs; not confirmation that labour has begun.",
   "limitations": [
    "Signs and their order vary between people and pregnancies",
    "Source is UK NHS"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal; signs before 37 weeks, or waters breaking/bleeding, route to red_flags",
   "topic": "Early signs of labor"
  },
  {
   "id": "pregnancy.fetal_hiccups.v1",
   "statement": "As pregnancy advances, a pregnant person may feel tiny fetal hiccups among normal movements such as kicks and rolls.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Cleveland Clinic",
    "url": "https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/22829-quickening-in-pregnancy"
   },
   "stage": "pregnancy",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "fetal hiccups as a normal movement type in later pregnancy",
   "limitations": [
    "perception varies",
    "not every person notices hiccups"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "not a wellbeing test; movement pattern changes are the thing to act on",
   "topic": "pregnancy"
  },
  {
   "id": "pregnancy.fetal_movement.28_40w.v1",
   "statement": "From around 16-24 weeks you usually start to feel your baby move, and those movements should carry on right up to and through labour. Every baby has their own pattern, so there's no single 'right' number of kicks to count. Get to know what's usual for your baby, and if the movements slow down, stop, or change, contact your maternity provider straight away, day or night.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS - Your baby's movements",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/keeping-well/your-babys-movements/"
   },
   "stage": "pregnancy 28-40 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "expert_consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education about typical movement patterns; not a substitute for assessment of any specific change in movement.",
   "limitations": [
    "Movement patterns vary widely between babies",
    "Source is UK NHS; US families should follow their own OB/provider instructions",
    "It is a myth that babies move less at the end - reduced movement always warrants contact"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal; reduced/absent/changed movement is a red flag - route to red_flags, never reassure",
   "topic": "Fetal movement & kick counting"
  },
  {
   "id": "pregnancy.leg_cramps.28_40w.v1",
   "statement": "Leg cramps, sudden tight, painful spasms often in the calf, are common in pregnancy and frequently happen at night. Regular gentle movement, especially ankle and foot exercises, can improve circulation and may help prevent them. If the pain doesn't settle, or you're worried it's something more than a cramp, contact your provider to be sure.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS - Common health problems in pregnancy",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/common-symptoms/common-health-problems/"
   },
   "stage": "pregnancy 28-40 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "expert_consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education and self-care; not a diagnosis of the cause of any specific leg pain.",
   "limitations": [
    "This card does not cover blood clots; a painful, red, swollen, or hot calf is separate and should be assessed urgently by a provider (not sourced here)",
    "Source is UK NHS"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal; persistent one-sided calf pain/swelling/heat needs urgent provider assessment",
   "topic": "Leg cramps"
  },
  {
   "id": "pregnancy.membrane_sweep.28_40w.v1",
   "statement": "A membrane sweep is when your midwife or doctor runs a finger around your cervix during an internal exam to release natural hormones that may help labour start; it's usually offered from around 39 weeks. It's a gentle nudge rather than a formal induction, and it doesn't always work. Your provider can explain whether and when it might be offered to you.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS - Inducing labour",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/labour-and-birth/signs-of-labour/inducing-labour/"
   },
   "stage": "pregnancy 28-40 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education on what a sweep is and when it's typically offered; not a recommendation to have one.",
   "limitations": [
    "Effectiveness is modest and varies",
    "Exact timing offered differs by provider and country"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal; not to be attempted at home; a clinical procedure only",
   "topic": "Membrane sweep"
  },
  {
   "id": "pregnancy.movement_change.v1",
   "statement": "If fetal movement suddenly slows or changes, contact your midwife or obstetrician; ten movements felt within two hours is the most widely accepted benchmark.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Cleveland Clinic",
    "url": "https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/22829-quickening-in-pregnancy"
   },
   "stage": "pregnancy",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "escalation guidance for movement changes, attributed to Cleveland Clinic",
   "limitations": [
    "benchmark, not a diagnostic instrument",
    "providers individualize"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never framed to delay contacting a provider; when worried, call regardless of counts",
   "topic": "pregnancy"
  },
  {
   "id": "pregnancy.pelvic_girdle_pain.28_40w.v1",
   "statement": "Pelvic girdle pain, aching around the pelvis, hips, or groin, affects up to about 1 in 5 pregnant people, and while it can make moving around hard, it isn't harmful to your baby. Staying gently active within comfort, resting when you can, and keeping equal weight on both legs can help. Ask your provider about a referral to a physiotherapist, who can offer targeted support.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS - Pelvic pain in pregnancy",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/related-conditions/common-symptoms/pelvic-pain/"
   },
   "stage": "pregnancy 28-40 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "expert_consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education and self-care; not treatment of a specific pelvic condition.",
   "limitations": [
    "Severity varies; physiotherapy access differs by system",
    "Source is UK NHS"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "Pelvic girdle pain (PGP)"
  },
  {
   "id": "pregnancy.perineal_massage.28_40w.v1",
   "statement": "From around 35 weeks, gentle daily perineal massage, done by you or your partner, may lower the chance of tearing during birth, and it seems to help first-time parents most. During birth itself, positions like kneeling or side-lying and a warm compress can also reduce how severe any tear is. It's a low-cost thing to try, and your provider can show you how.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "RCOG - Reducing your risk of perineal tears",
    "url": "https://www.rcog.org.uk/for-the-public/perineal-tears-and-episiotomies-in-childbirth/reducing-your-risk-of-perineal-tears/"
   },
   "stage": "pregnancy 28-40 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education on a self-care measure with modest evidence; not a guarantee against tearing.",
   "limitations": [
    "Benefit is modest and greatest for first vaginal births",
    "Not appropriate in some situations (e.g., certain infections, placenta praevia, waters broken) - check with provider first"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal; do not start if advised against by your provider",
   "topic": "Perineal preparation"
  },
  {
   "id": "pregnancy.piles.28_40w.v1",
   "statement": "Piles (haemorrhoids) are swollen blood vessels around the bottom and are common in pregnancy, often linked to constipation. Keeping stools soft with plenty of fibre and water, avoiding straining, and a cool compress can ease the discomfort. Check with your midwife, doctor, or pharmacist before using any cream, so you get one that's suitable in pregnancy.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS - Piles in pregnancy",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/related-conditions/common-symptoms/piles/"
   },
   "stage": "pregnancy 28-40 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "expert_consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education and self-care; not a recommendation of a specific product.",
   "limitations": [
    "Any medicine should be confirmed as pregnancy-suitable",
    "Source is UK NHS"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal; significant rectal bleeding should be checked by a provider",
   "topic": "Piles / haemorrhoids"
  },
  {
   "id": "pregnancy.vaginal_discharge.28_40w.v1",
   "statement": "It's common to have more vaginal discharge in pregnancy; healthy discharge is usually thin, clear or milky-white, and doesn't smell unpleasant. In the last week or so you may notice sticky, jelly-like pink mucus, which is the 'show'. Tell your provider if discharge smells odd, turns green or yellow, itches or stings, or if you have any bleeding, so they can check it.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS - Vaginal discharge in pregnancy",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/related-conditions/common-symptoms/vaginal-discharge/"
   },
   "stage": "pregnancy 28-40 weeks",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "expert_consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education on typical vs concerning discharge; not a diagnosis of infection or of waters breaking.",
   "limitations": [
    "A sudden gush or continuous leak of fluid may be waters breaking and needs provider contact",
    "Source is UK NHS"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal; suspected waters breaking or any bleeding routes to red_flags",
   "topic": "Vaginal discharge in late pregnancy"
  },
  {
   "id": "safesleep.back_choking_myth.v1",
   "statement": "There is no evidence that healthy babies sleeping on their backs choke more often than babies in other positions.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/Where-We-Stand-Back-To-Sleep.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "myth correction supporting back sleeping",
   "limitations": [
    "refers to healthy infants"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "babies with specific medical conditions follow their clinician's advice",
   "topic": "safesleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "safesleep.back_every_sleep.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Put your baby on their back for all naps and at night.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/A-Parents-Guide-to-Safe-Sleep.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "core AAP safe sleep instruction",
   "limitations": [
    "applies to healthy infants",
    "clinician-directed exceptions exist"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "a clinician's individual instruction overrides this general rule",
   "topic": "safesleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "safesleep.back_halved_sids.v1",
   "statement": "Since the AAP began recommending back sleeping in 1992, the annual SIDS rate in the US has declined by more than 50 percent.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/Where-We-Stand-Back-To-Sleep.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "historical population statistic supporting back sleeping",
   "limitations": [
    "population-level statistic, not individual risk"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "safesleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "safesleep.bare_sleep_area.v1",
   "statement": "Keep pillows, comforters, quilts, blankets, stuffed toys, and weighted blankets or weighted sleep products out of the baby's sleep area.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NICHD Safe to Sleep",
    "url": "https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/reduce-risk/safe-sleep-environment"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "safe sleep environment instruction",
   "limitations": [
    "applies to every sleep, naps included"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "safesleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "safesleep.bedshare_under_4m.v1",
   "statement": "The risk of sleep-related death is 5 to 10 times higher when an adult bed shares with a baby under 4 months old, compared with the baby sleeping on a separate surface.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/A-Parents-Guide-to-Safe-Sleep.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-4 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "population risk statistic explaining why we suggest a separate sleep surface",
   "limitations": [
    "stated without judgment",
    "many families bed share, harm reduction framing matters"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never framed as blame after a family has bed shared",
   "topic": "safesleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "safesleep.firm_flat_surface.v1",
   "statement": "A baby's sleep surface should be firm, flat, and level, covered with only a fitted sheet.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NICHD Safe to Sleep",
    "url": "https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/reduce-risk/safe-sleep-environment"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "safe sleep environment instruction",
   "limitations": [
    "surface should not indent or incline"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "inclined sleepers and soft surfaces are unsafe for infant sleep",
   "topic": "safesleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "safesleep.no_sofa_sleep.v1",
   "statement": "Do not sleep with your baby on a sofa or in an armchair.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/caring-for-a-newborn/reduce-the-risk-of-sudden-infant-death-syndrome/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "hard safety instruction; sofa and armchair sleep is a high risk setting",
   "limitations": [
    "UK source",
    "consistent with AAP guidance"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "safesleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "safesleep.one_more_layer.v1",
   "statement": "To avoid overheating, dress your baby in only about one more layer than you would wear in the same environment.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/A-Parents-Guide-to-Safe-Sleep.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "practical dressing heuristic against overheating",
   "limitations": [
    "a heuristic, not a temperature rule"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "a hot flushed sweaty baby with fever signs is a clinician question",
   "topic": "safesleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "safesleep.pacifier_after_bf.v1",
   "statement": "If you are breastfeeding, wait until breastfeeding is going well before offering a pacifier, which usually takes about 3 to 4 weeks.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Pages/Pacifiers-and-Thumb-Sucking.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-1 month",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "timing suggestion, not a rule",
   "limitations": [
    "lactation consultants may individualize timing"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "feeding difficulties go to the pediatrician or a lactation consultant",
   "topic": "safesleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "safesleep.pacifier_sids.v1",
   "statement": "Offering a pacifier at nap time and bedtime helps to reduce the risk of SIDS.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Pages/Pacifiers-and-Thumb-Sucking.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "association-based recommendation; pacifier use is optional",
   "limitations": [
    "mechanism not fully established",
    "do not force a pacifier or reinsert once asleep"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "safesleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "safesleep.room_share_6m.v1",
   "statement": "Room sharing, with the baby on their own separate sleep surface in the parents' room, is recommended for at least the first 6 months and can decrease the risk of SIDS by as much as 50 percent.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/A-Parents-Guide-to-Safe-Sleep.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "recommendation plus population statistic; room sharing is not bed sharing",
   "limitations": [
    "risk reduction figure is an estimate from observational data"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "the statistic applies to room sharing on a separate surface, not to bed sharing",
   "topic": "safesleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "safesleep.sleep_sack_free_movement.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"Sleep sacks that do not swaddle and allow the baby to move freely can be used as long as you want\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/diapers-clothing/Pages/Swaddling-Is-it-Safe.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published alternative once swaddling stops; the AAP's condition is that the sack does not swaddle and lets the baby move freely, and that condition is part of the claim",
   "limitations": [
    "a wearable blanket that restricts the arms is still a swaddle by this page's logic and stops when rolling starts",
    "the same page says stop swaddling as soon as your baby shows any signs of trying to roll over"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "safesleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "safesleep.smoke_free.v1",
   "statement": "Do not smoke during pregnancy and do not let anyone smoke around your baby; smoke exposure raises the risk of sudden infant death.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/caring-for-a-newborn/reduce-the-risk-of-sudden-infant-death-syndrome/"
   },
   "stage": "pregnancy-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "risk factor statement, stated without blame",
   "limitations": [
    "UK source",
    "consistent with US guidance"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "quitting support is a clinician conversation, we do not prescribe cessation products",
   "topic": "safesleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "safesleep.soft_objects_suffocation.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"These objects can increase your baby's risk of entrapment, suffocation or strangulation. This includes pillows and pillow-like toys, quilts, comforters, mattress toppers, non-fitted sheets, blankets, toys, bumper pads or related products that attach to crib slats or sides\", and that \"A firm surface means that it shouldn't indent when your baby is lying on it. Any surface that inclines more than 10 degrees isn't safe for your baby to sleep on\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/A-Parents-Guide-to-Safe-Sleep.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published hazard list and the published definition of firm and flat, quoted whole; the list is not trimmed to the items that fit a sentence",
   "limitations": [
    "the 10 degree incline figure is the AAP's and rules out many inclined sleepers and loungers regardless of what they are marketed for"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "nothing soft goes in the sleep area at any age under 12 months",
   "topic": "safesleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "safesleep.swaddle_overheating.v1",
   "statement": "Swaddling can increase the chance of overheating; signs include sweating, damp hair, flushed cheeks, heat rash, and rapid breathing.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/diapers-clothing/Pages/Swaddling-Is-it-Safe.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-4 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "risk awareness with observable signs",
   "limitations": [
    "signs list is for awareness, not diagnosis"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "rapid breathing with distress is an emergency route, not a card topic",
   "topic": "safesleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "safesleep.swaddle_stop_rolling.v1",
   "statement": "Stop swaddling as soon as your baby shows any signs of trying to roll over; some babies start working on rolling as early as 2 months.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/diapers-clothing/Pages/Swaddling-Is-it-Safe.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-4 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "safety cutoff with an age example, not a fixed date",
   "limitations": [
    "watch the baby, not the calendar"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "a rolling baby must never be swaddled for sleep",
   "topic": "safesleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "safesleep.swaddle_technique.v1",
   "statement": "A swaddled baby is always placed on their back on a firm flat surface; the swaddle should let the hips bend up and out and leave room for two to three fingers between the chest and the blanket.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/diapers-clothing/Pages/Swaddling-Is-it-Safe.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-4 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "hip-healthy swaddling technique",
   "limitations": [
    "monitor that the baby does not roll while swaddled"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "tight leg wrapping is linked to hip dysplasia risk",
   "topic": "safesleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "safesleep.tummy_to_play.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes that healthy babies are safest sleeping on their backs at nighttime and during naps, that side sleeping is not as safe as back sleeping and is not advised, and that tummy time is for babies who are awake and being watched, because a baby needs it to develop strong muscles.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/back-to-sleep-tummy-to-play.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the two halves of the same rule as published: back for sleep, tummy for awake and supervised play",
   "limitations": [
    "the same page notes a flat spot usually rounds out as a baby grows and sits up"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "tummy time is never sleep; a baby who falls asleep during tummy time is moved onto their back",
   "topic": "safesleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "safety.baby_walkers.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"Baby walkers send thousands of children to hospitals every year\" and \"Many parents think walkers will help their children learn to walk. But they don't. In fact, walkers can actually delay when a child starts to walk\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/Baby-Walkers-A-Dangerous-Choice.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-24 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the AAP's own thousands, left as thousands because the page publishes no figure, and the AAP's own statement on walking",
   "limitations": [
    "read live 2026-08-17: the page gives no numeric injury count, so any specific number beside this claim would be invented. Stationary activity centres are a different product and this claim says nothing about them"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "safety"
  },
  {
   "id": "safety.childproofing_poisons.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"Before or as soon as your child begins crawling or walking, take extra steps to make sure harmful items are out of reach, out of sight, and ideally stored in a cabinet with lock or safety latch\", that \"Button batteries can cause severe injury or death if ingested\", to \"purchase and keep medicines in original containers with safety caps\", and gives Poison Help at 1-800-222-1222.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/Childproofing-Your-Home.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-5 years",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published timing, the published storage rule and the published phone number; the number is quoted exactly and never paraphrased",
   "limitations": [
    "read live 2026-08-17: the page names button batteries and small objects explicitly",
    "coins and magnets are not called out by name in its storage guidance, so listing them beside this claim is LEELALU adding ordinary household examples"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "a swallowed button battery is an emergency and goes to emergency care",
   "topic": "safety"
  },
  {
   "id": "safety.choking_food_list.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP lists as choking hazards \"Hot dogs, Hard, gooey, or sticky candy, Chewing gum, Nuts and seeds (especially sunflower seeds), Whole grapes, Raw vegetables, such as carrot sticks, Raw fruit chunks, such as apple pieces, Popcorn, Thick chunks of peanut butter or other nut butters (be sure to spread thinly instead), Marshmallows, Meat sticks or sausages, Chunks of meat, Chunks of cheese or string cheese\", writes that \"round, firm foods, such as hot dogs or grapes, can be served if completely chopped into tiny pieces\", and \"Cut food for infants and young children into pieces no larger than one-half inch\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/injuries-emergencies/Pages/Choking-Prevention.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-4 years",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published hazard list and the published size rule, both quoted whole; the one-half inch figure is the AAP's and is never rounded or restated",
   "limitations": [
    "this AAP list and the CDC choking list overlap but are not identical, and each is cited to its own page rather than merged",
    "the AAP allows some of these foods if chopped, which is part of the claim"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "whole nuts",
   "topic": "safety"
  },
  {
   "id": "safety.first_shoes.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"As your child begins to walk outside, she'll need shoes\", that they \"should be closed-toe, comfortable, and flexible, with nonskid soles, and they should provide room to grow\", that a child \"does not need wedges, inserts, high backs, reinforced heels, special arches, or other features designed to shape and support feet\" because \"These have no proven benefit for the average child and may actually make it harder to walk\", and that a first pair \"will probably last two to three months, but you should check the fit monthly during this formative period\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Movement-8-to-12-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "8-18 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published shoe guidance quoted whole, including the AAP's own statement that supportive features have no proven benefit",
   "limitations": [
    "read live 2026-08-17: the page does not discuss barefoot walking either way, so no claim about barefoot belongs beside this one",
    "it says shoes for walking outside and does not say shoes are only for protection"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "safety"
  },
  {
   "id": "safety.pull_to_stand_and_cruising.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes that when a baby first pulls up to stand \"he may not know how to get down. If she cries for help, physically show her how to bend her knees to lower herself without falling\", advises that furniture used for support \"has no sharp edges and is properly weighted or attached to the floor\", and says \"Place sturdy gates at the top and bottom of your staircase\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Movement-8-to-12-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "8-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published technique and the published home checks, quoted as published",
   "limitations": [
    "a gate at the top of stairs and a gate at the bottom are both named",
    "pressure mounted gates are not rated for the top of stairs, which this page does not address"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "safety"
  },
  {
   "id": "safety.walker_alternatives.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP names as alternatives to a baby walker \"Stationary activity centers, they look like walkers but have no wheels. They usually have seats that rotate, tip, and bounce\", \"Play yards or playpens, these are great safety zones for children as they learn to sit, crawl, or walk\", and high chairs.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/Baby-Walkers-A-Dangerous-Choice.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-24 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published alternatives as published; three are named and the list is not trimmed to one",
   "limitations": [
    "the AAP names three alternatives, so calling any single one the safer swap is our shorthand rather than the AAP's ranking"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "safety"
  },
  {
   "id": "safety.walker_no_benefit.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"There are no benefits to baby walkers\" and \"Most walker injuries happen while adults are watching\", noting that \"A child in a walker can move more than 3 feet in 1 second!\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/Pages/Baby-Walkers-A-Dangerous-Choice.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-24 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the AAP's own flat statement and its own explanation of why supervision does not prevent the injury",
   "limitations": [
    "the supervision point is the load bearing half: it means watching is not the mitigation, which is why the AAP names alternatives rather than safe use conditions"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "safety"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.6m_12m_night_feeds.nhs.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS writes that \"some babies will sleep for around 15 hours, most of this at night\", that \"For some babies aged 6 months to a year, night feeds may no longer be necessary\", and that \"Teething discomfort or hunger may wake some babies during the night\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/caring-for-a-newborn/helping-your-baby-to-sleep/"
   },
   "stage": "6-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "published variation at this age, with the NHS's own some and may kept in place; never a claim that night feeds should stop",
   "limitations": [
    "UK guidance. The words some and may are load bearing: a baby still feeding at night in this band is inside what the NHS publishes, and dropping a night feed is a conversation with a clinician rather than a milestone"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.back_to_sleep.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "For every sleep, naps and nighttime, the safest position is flat on the back, and this is the single most important thing you can do to lower the risk of SIDS. Authorities advise back-sleeping for all babies up to about 1 year, including babies born early or who spit up, and side or tummy sleeping is not recommended.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NICHD Safe to Sleep, Ways to Reduce Baby's Risk",
    "url": "https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/reduce-risk/reduce"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Strong, AAP 2022 policy / NICHD / CDC consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Once a baby can roll both ways on their own they may be left in the position they choose, but should still be placed on the back to start."
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal; rare medical/airway conditions may warrant different advice only under a doctor's direction",
   "topic": "back-to-sleep / SIDS risk reduction"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.bed_sharing_risk.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Bringing your baby into an adult bed to sleep raises the risk of SIDS, suffocation, and other sleep-related deaths, which is why a separate sleep space in your room is advised. The risk is especially high for young infants and when soft bedding is present, or if anyone in the bed smokes, has used alcohol, medicine, or drugs, or is very tired.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NICHD Safe to Sleep, FAQs",
    "url": "https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/reduce-risk/FAQ"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Strong, AAP 2022 policy / NICHD consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "The amplifying risk factors listed (smoking, alcohol, medication, prematurity, soft bedding) reflect AAP risk-factor guidance."
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "bed-sharing risk"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.bedtime_routine_nhs.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS writes that getting a baby into a simple soothing bedtime routine may help them settle, and suggests the routine could consist of a bath, changing into night clothes and a fresh nappy, putting them to bed, and reading.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/caring-for-a-newborn/helping-your-baby-to-sleep/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "weak",
   "permitted_meaning": "the suggested routine as published, offered as an option rather than a requirement",
   "limitations": [
    "UK source",
    "the NHS says may help, and MedlinePlus publishes a shorter version of the same idea"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "not a sleep-training method and never presented as one",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.bedtime_routine.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "MedlinePlus writes that when putting an infant to bed you should make the bedtime routine consistent and pleasant, and give the last nighttime feeding shortly before putting the baby to bed.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH National Library of Medicine)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002392.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "weak",
   "permitted_meaning": "the guidance as published; the specific order of steps and any duration are not in the source and are not attributed to it",
   "limitations": [
    "an earlier version of this article said the routine should be the same 10 to 15 minutes in the order feed, pajamas, book or song, crib, and attributed that to this page. Neither the duration nor the sequence is on it. Removed 2026-08-16"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "not a sleep-training method and never framed as one",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.breastfeeding_reduces_risk.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Feeding your baby breast milk is associated with a lower risk of SIDS, and the protection tends to grow the longer breastfeeding continues. This is one supportive factor among many, and families who can't or choose not to breastfeed can still strongly protect their baby by following all the other safe-sleep steps.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "HealthyChildren.org (AAP), How to Keep Your Sleeping Baby Safe: AAP Policy Explained",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/a-parents-guide-to-safe-sleep.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Strong, AAP 2022 policy / NICHD / CDC consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Association, not a guarantee; other safe-sleep steps remain essential regardless of feeding method."
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal; do not use to pressure, shame, or judge families about infant feeding; formula-fed babies are still protected by other safe-sleep practices",
   "topic": "breastfeeding & SIDS risk reduction"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.consistent_bedtime_routine.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Keep the bedtime routine consistent and pleasant, and give the last nighttime feeding shortly before putting your baby to bed.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002392.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "consistent bedtime routine"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.couch_armchair_danger.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Sofas, couches, and armchairs are among the most dangerous places for a baby to sleep, with a dramatically higher risk of sleep-related death than a crib. If night feeds make you worry you'll doze off, feeding in your bed cleared of pillows and blankets is safer than a couch or recliner, and never plan to sleep together on soft furniture.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "HealthyChildren.org (AAP), How to Keep Your Sleeping Baby Safe: AAP Policy Explained",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/a-parents-guide-to-safe-sleep.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Strong, AAP 2022 policy",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Cross-confirmed by NHS ('do not sleep on a sofa or in an armchair with your baby') and NICHD."
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "safe sleep when tired/feeding (couch & armchair danger)"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.day_night_learning.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Keeping daytime light and lively and nighttime dark and quiet helps a newborn gradually learn the difference between day and night.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/caring-for-a-newborn/helping-your-baby-to-sleep/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "gentle practical tip, not a training method",
   "limitations": [
    "effect is gradual",
    "UK source, principle applies generally"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.daytime_playtime.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes \"Make daytime playtime. Keep babies awake longer during the day. This helps babies sleep for longer periods during the night. Spend time talking, reading and playing together\", and separately \"Try not to stimulate or wake babies when you feed or change them during the night. If you speak, speak softly\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/Getting-Your-Baby-to-Sleep.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the AAP's own day-versus-night tips as written; not a schedule and not a promise that any baby will sleep longer",
   "limitations": [
    "the page publishes this as a tip, not as a tested intervention with an effect size",
    "read live 2026-08-17, the phrase is \"keep babies awake longer during the day\", so any wake-window number beside it is not from this page"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.drowsy_but_awake.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Put your baby in bed drowsy but before they are deeply asleep; this helps them learn to fall asleep on their own.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002392.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "drowsy but awake"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.excitement_before_bed.nhs.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS writes \"Too much excitement and stimulation just before bedtime can wake your child up again\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/caring-for-a-newborn/helping-your-baby-to-sleep/"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published observation as written; not a claim that a calm evening produces sleep",
   "limitations": [
    "the NHS publishes this as part of a bedtime routine suggestion, not as a tested intervention",
    "no effect size is given"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.feed_then_return.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Feeding, cuddling, or comforting your baby in your bed is fine; the key is to place them back in their own crib or bassinet before you settle down to sleep. This 'feed, then return' habit keeps night feeds calm while making sure your baby sleeps on their own safe, firm, flat surface.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "HealthyChildren.org (AAP), How to Keep Your Sleeping Baby Safe: AAP Policy Explained",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/a-parents-guide-to-safe-sleep.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Strong, AAP 2022 policy",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "If there's any chance of falling asleep, an adult bed cleared of soft bedding is safer than a couch or armchair."
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "safe sleep when feeding/comforting at night"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.firm_flat_surface.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "A safe sleep surface is firm and flat, a mattress that doesn't indent when your baby lies on it, in a crib, bassinet, or play yard that meets current safety standards and is covered only with a fitted sheet. Inclined sleepers, car seats, swings, and loungers are not made for routine sleep; any surface that inclines more than about 10 degrees is not recommended.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "HealthyChildren.org (AAP), How to Keep Your Sleeping Baby Safe: AAP Policy Explained",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/a-parents-guide-to-safe-sleep.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Strong, AAP 2022 policy / NICHD / CDC consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "If a baby falls asleep in a car seat, swing, or carrier, guidance is to move them to a firm flat surface when practical."
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "safe sleep surface (firm, flat, non-inclined)"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.frequent_waking_normal.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Frequent night waking is developmentally normal in the early months; long unbroken sleep is not expected from a newborn.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/Sleeping-Through-the-Night.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "reassurance about normal newborn sleep, not an instruction to ignore concerns",
   "limitations": [
    "older page, recheck at next review cycle"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "not to be used to dismiss lethargy or feeding refusal",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.longest_stretch_4m.v1",
   "statement": "MedlinePlus writes that by age 4 months a child might sleep for up to 8 to 9 hours at a time.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH National Library of Medicine)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002392.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "an upper end of a published range, never a target and never a benchmark a baby can fail",
   "limitations": [
    "might, not will",
    "the same page notes wide variation, and a baby still waking to feed at 4 months is inside normal"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to imply a baby who wakes more is behind",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.naps_first_year.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "In the first year, it is common for babies to take 1 to 4 naps a day, each lasting anywhere from 30 minutes to 2 hours.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002392.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "naps first year"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.naps_per_day.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "MedlinePlus writes that during the first year of life it is common for babies to take 1 to 4 naps a day, each lasting 30 minutes to 2 hours.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH National Library of Medicine)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002392.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "a descriptive range across the whole first year, not a schedule for any age inside it",
   "limitations": [
    "the range spans the entire first year and does not resolve to a nap count for a given month"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to call a baby's nap pattern wrong",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.newborn_awake_windows.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Newborns stay awake only 1 to 3 hours at a time before needing sleep again.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002392.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "newborn awake windows"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.newborn_feed_frequency.0_1m.v1",
   "statement": "Breastfed newborns typically feed about 8 to 12 times in 24 hours, and bottle-fed newborns about 5 to 8 times, including at night.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/Sleeping-Through-the-Night.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-1 month",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "descriptive range, not a feeding prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "ranges vary by baby and feeding method"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "feeding concerns and weight questions go to the pediatrician",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.newborn_hours_medlineplus.v1",
   "statement": "MedlinePlus writes that a new baby is on a 24-hour feeding and sleep-wake cycle, that newborns may sleep between 14 and 17 hours a day, and that they stay awake only 1 to 3 hours at a time.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH National Library of Medicine)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002392.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-2 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "a published range for babies under 2 months; the CDC publishes the same 14 to 17 hour band separately",
   "limitations": [
    "may sleep, not will",
    "the same page lists crying, eye rubbing and fussiness as sleepy signs"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to call a baby who sleeps more or less than the range abnormal",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.newborn_total_hours.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Newborns sleep about 16 to 17 hours across a full day, often in stretches of only 1 to 2 hours at a time.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/Getting-Your-Baby-to-Sleep.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "general range, not a schedule or a target",
   "limitations": [
    "varies widely by baby",
    "not medical advice"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a specific baby's sleep as abnormal",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.night_10_12h_6_9m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Between ages 6 and 9 months, most children will sleep for 10 to 12 hours.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002392.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "night 10 12h 6 9m"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.night_5_8h_3_6m.nhs.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS writes, of babies aged 3 to 6 months, \"Some babies may sleep for 5 to 8 hours or longer at night, but not all\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/caring-for-a-newborn/helping-your-baby-to-sleep/"
   },
   "stage": "3-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "published variation at this age, with the NHS's own but not all attached; never a target and never a milestone",
   "limitations": [
    "UK guidance. The words but not all are the NHS's and are load bearing: a baby who still wakes to feed at this age is inside what the NHS publishes"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.night_feeds_brief.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "For night feedings, keep the room dark and quiet, leave the lights off, and keep the feeding brief and low-key rather than playtime.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002392.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "night feeds brief"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.night_learning_nhs.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS suggests keeping the lights down at night, keeping noise and voices quiet, putting the baby down as soon as they have been fed and changed, not changing the baby unless needed and not playing with them, and writes that a baby will gradually learn that night-time is for sleeping.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/caring-for-a-newborn/helping-your-baby-to-sleep/"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "weak",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published habits and the gradual outcome the NHS attaches to them, never a training method or a timeline",
   "limitations": [
    "UK source",
    "gradually is the source word and no number of days or weeks appears on the page"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "night feeds and night comfort are never withheld to teach a baby anything",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.night_stretch_9m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "By 9 months, if not sooner, most infants can sleep at least 8 to 10 hours without needing a nighttime feeding.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002392.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "night stretch 9m"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.night_waking_normal.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Frequent night waking is completely normal for young babies; they don't develop settled, more adult-like sleep cycles until around 6 months. Some start managing a longer 5-to-6-hour stretch by 2 to 3 months and some take longer, and both are within the normal range.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Nemours KidsHealth, Sleep and Your Newborn",
    "url": "https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleepnewborn.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Strong, consistent across pediatric sources",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "HealthyChildren notes regular sleep cycles typically develop around 6 months; 'through the night' at this age means ~5–6 hours, not all night."
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "night waking is normal"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.no_regular_cycles.0_4m.v1",
   "statement": "Babies usually do not develop regular sleep cycles until about 4 months of age.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/Getting-Your-Baby-to-Sleep.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-4 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "developmental range, not a milestone deadline",
   "limitations": [
    "individual variation is large"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "not a screening statement; no conclusion about a specific baby",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.overheating_dressing.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Dress your baby for sleep in about one more layer than you'd be comfortable wearing in the same room, and skip hats indoors and anything that could cover the face or head. Overheating is a known risk factor, so if your baby feels hot or has damp hair, flushed cheeks, or sweating, take a layer off.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "HealthyChildren.org (AAP), How to Keep Your Sleeping Baby Safe: AAP Policy Explained",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/a-parents-guide-to-safe-sleep.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Strong, AAP 2022 policy / NICHD / CDC consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "CDC/NICHD emphasize keeping the head and face uncovered and avoiding 'too hot' without naming a temperature."
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "overheating / dressing for sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.pacifier_sids.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Offering a clean, unattached pacifier at naps and bedtime is linked with a lower risk of SIDS, even if it falls out once your baby is asleep. There's no need to force it or put it back in after it drops; if you're breastfeeding, it's usually suggested to wait until feeding is going well before starting a pacifier.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "HealthyChildren.org (AAP), Safe Sleep: 9 Ways to Reduce a Baby's Risk of SIDS & Suffocation",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/sleep/Pages/Preventing-SIDS.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Strong, AAP 2022 policy / NICHD / CDC consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Do not attach the pacifier to a cord/clip during sleep or coat it in sweet substances; NICHD suggests waiting until breastfeeding is established."
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "pacifier & SIDS"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.reflux_back_sleep.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "It's a common worry that a baby on their back might choke on spit-up, but health authorities are clear that babies are safest on their backs even if they have reflux or spit up often. Back-sleeping does not increase choking, so babies with reflux should still be placed flat on the back, on a firm flat surface, for every sleep up to about 1 year.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NICHD Safe to Sleep, Ways to Reduce Baby's Risk",
    "url": "https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/reduce-risk/reduce"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Strong, AAP 2022 policy / NICHD consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Inclining or elevating the mattress for reflux is not recommended; discuss any severe reflux with your pediatrician."
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal; very rare medical airway conditions may warrant different advice only under a doctor's direction",
   "topic": "back-sleep with spit-up / reflux (choking worry)"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.room_share_nhs.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS writes that for at least the first 6 months a baby should be in the same room as you when they are asleep, both day and night, and that this can reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/caring-for-a-newborn/helping-your-baby-to-sleep/"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the recommendation as published, including that it covers daytime sleep and not only night",
   "limitations": [
    "UK source",
    "the AAP publishes the same recommendation separately with its own figure, see safesleep.room_share_6m.v1"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "same room is not the same bed; room sharing never means bed sharing",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.room_sharing.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Sharing a room, but not a bed, is recommended for at least the first 6 months. Keeping your baby's own crib, bassinet, or play yard right next to your bed makes night feeds and comforting easier while lowering the risk of sleep-related death compared with bed-sharing.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NICHD Safe to Sleep, Ways to Reduce Baby's Risk",
    "url": "https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/reduce-risk/reduce"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Strong, AAP 2022 policy / NICHD / CDC consensus",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Guidance ranges from 'at least 6 months' (AAP/NICHD/CDC) up to 12 months as ideal."
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "room-sharing without bed-sharing"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.room_temperature.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "A comfortable room helps prevent overheating; UK NHS guidance suggests keeping the room around 16 to 20°C (about 61 to 68°F) as a practical guide. US authorities emphasize keeping the baby 'not too hot' with the head uncovered rather than naming a temperature, so use comfort and the one-extra-layer rule alongside any number.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS, Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/caring-for-a-newborn/sudden-infant-death-syndrome-sids/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Moderate, NHS (UK) practical guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "The specific 16–20°C figure is NHS (UK) guidance; US bodies (AAP/CDC/NICHD) advise against overheating without a set number."
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "room temperature for sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.self_soothe_over_time.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Infants still wake during the night; over time they learn to self-soothe and fall back asleep.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002392.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "self soothe over time"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.separation_crying.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "If your baby cries when laid down, it is often because they fear being away from you; go in, speak calmly, and rub their back or head without taking them out of the bed.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002392.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "separation crying"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.short_stretches_feed.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "In the early weeks babies wake often, roughly every 2 to 3 hours if breastfeeding and about every 3 to 4 hours if bottle-feeding, because their tiny stomachs need frequent refills. Waking through the night to feed is expected and healthy at this age, not a sign that anything is wrong.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Nemours KidsHealth, Sleep and Your Newborn",
    "url": "https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleepnewborn.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Strong, consistent across pediatric sources",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Individual feeding rhythms vary; some newborns cluster-feed at certain times of day."
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "short sleep stretches / waking to feed"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.sleepy_cues.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Common sleepy cues include yawning, rubbing eyes, blinking more often, staring off, and a general drop in activity level.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Cleveland Clinic Health Essentials",
    "url": "https://health.clevelandclinic.org/wake-windows-by-age"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "weak",
   "permitted_meaning": "observable cue list to watch the baby rather than the clock",
   "limitations": [
    "cues differ between babies",
    "expert guidance, not a formal guideline"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "not a screening list; persistent unusual drowsiness or lethargy is a clinician call, not a sleepy cue",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.sleepy_cues.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Crying, eye rubbing, and fussiness are signs your baby is getting sleepy.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002392.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "sleepy cues"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.stretch_8_9h_4m.0_6m.v1",
   "statement": "By age 4 months, your baby might sleep for up to 8 to 9 hours at a time.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002392.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "stretch 8 9h 4m"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.swaddle_back_position.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Swaddling itself hasn't been shown to reduce the risk of SIDS, though it can help some babies feel calmer and settle. If you swaddle, always lay your baby down on their back, keep the wrap snug at the arms but never over the face or head, and make sure it can't come loose.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NICHD Safe to Sleep, FAQs",
    "url": "https://safetosleep.nichd.nih.gov/reduce-risk/FAQ"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Strong, NICHD / AAP guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "AAP: a swaddled baby must always be placed on the back and monitored so they don't roll while wrapped."
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "swaddling & safe position / SIDS"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.swaddle_stop_rolling.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Snug swaddling can help soothe some newborns and support back-sleeping in the early weeks. Stop swaddling as soon as your baby shows any sign of trying to roll, which can begin as early as around 2 months, because a swaddled baby who rolls onto their tummy can't easily lift or turn their head.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "HealthyChildren.org (AAP), Swaddling: Is it Safe for Your Baby?",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/diapers-clothing/Pages/Swaddling-Is-it-Safe.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Strong, AAP guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "Rolling age varies widely between babies; watch your individual baby rather than a fixed date."
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "swaddling: when to stop"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.through_night_2_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Nemours KidsHealth writes that some babies start to sleep through the night, meaning 5 to 6 hours at a time, by 2 to 3 months of age, but some do not.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Nemours KidsHealth",
    "url": "https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleepnewborn.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-4 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the spread as published, including its second half; the sentence is only honest with the 'but some don't' attached",
   "limitations": [
    "an earlier version of this article attributed to this page a statement that settled, more adult-like sleep cycles develop around 6 months. That sentence is not on the page",
    "it was checked twice by two methods on 2026-08-16 and removed"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to set an expectation a family is behind on",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.total_hours_0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC publishes 14 to 17 hours of sleep per 24 hours for newborns 0 to 3 months. Unlike the 4 to 12 month row, the newborn row does not carry the words \"including naps\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC (citing the American Academy of Sleep Medicine)",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about/index.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published newborn row, with the difference in wording between the two rows preserved rather than smoothed over",
   "limitations": [
    "CDC pages return HTTP 403 to direct fetch and were read on 2026-08-16 through a second fetch path",
    "the newborn row omits the naps note that the infant row carries, and LEELALU reports that rather than assuming it"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to call a baby who sleeps outside the range abnormal",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.total_hours_1_2y.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC, citing the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, publishes 11 to 14 hours of sleep per 24 hours including naps for toddlers 1 to 2 years, alongside 12 to 16 hours including naps for infants 4 to 12 months.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC (citing the American Academy of Sleep Medicine)",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about/index.html"
   },
   "stage": "4 months-2 years",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published bands with naps included in both, and the CDC's own crediting of the AASM",
   "limitations": [
    "a first birthday sits on the border between the two bands, so a 12 month old can be read against either",
    "the CDC publishes ranges and not a target for any one child"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.total_hours_4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC, citing the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, publishes 12 to 16 hours of sleep per 24 hours including naps as the recommended amount for infants 4 to 12 months.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC (citing the American Academy of Sleep Medicine)",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about/index.html"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "a published range for a whole 24 hours, naps included; never a target any individual baby has to hit",
   "limitations": [
    "CDC pages return HTTP 403 to direct fetch",
    "read on 2026-08-16 through a second fetch path, same handling PIPELINE.md records for ACOG and Mayo",
    "the band spans 4 to 12 months and does not resolve to a number for any single month inside it"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to call a baby who sleeps less or more than the range abnormal; sleep concerns go to the pediatrician",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.total_hours.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "Newborns sleep a lot, commonly around 14 to 17 hours across a full day and night, but it comes in short, scattered stretches rather than long blocks. There's wide normal variation, with some healthy babies sleeping noticeably more or less, so the overall pattern matters more than hitting an exact number.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Nemours KidsHealth, Sleep and Your Newborn",
    "url": "https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sleepnewborn.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "readable_from": "pregnancy week 28",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "Strong consensus range with wide individual variation",
   "permitted_meaning": "general education, not diagnosis/prescription",
   "limitations": [
    "HealthyChildren and Stanford cite ~16–17 hours; Sleep Foundation notes an observed range of ~11–19 hours."
   ],
   "never_used_for": "do not use to judge a symptom as normal",
   "topic": "how much newborns sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.variation_nhs.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS writes \"Some babies sleep much more than others. Some sleep for long periods, others in short bursts\", and that most newborn babies are asleep more than they are awake, with total daily sleep that varies but can be around 18 hours.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/caring-for-a-newborn/helping-your-baby-to-sleep/"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "published variation between babies; it is a statement that ranges are wide, never a target for any one baby",
   "limitations": [
    "UK guidance. The NHS around 18 hours and the AAP 16 to 17 hours are two organisations publishing different figures for overlapping ages",
    "we show whichever we cite by name and never average them"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "sleep.wake_windows_table.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Cleveland Clinic publishes typical wake windows in six bands: birth to 1 month, 0.5 to 1 hour; 1 to 3 months, 1 to 2 hours; 3 to 4 months, 1.25 to 2.5 hours; 5 to 7 months, 2 to 4 hours; 7 to 10 months, 2.5 to 4.5 hours; 10 to 12 months, 3 to 6 hours.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Cleveland Clinic",
    "url": "https://health.clevelandclinic.org/wake-windows-by-age"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "weak",
   "permitted_meaning": "the source table reproduced as published, band for band and number for number; gentle guess ranges, not a schedule, a target, or a diagnosis; canonical table shared by the app tracker (app_logic.js wakeWindow), the /tools/wake-windows.html calculator, and the blog",
   "limitations": [
    "the published table has no row between 4 and 5 months, so a baby that age is shown the 3 to 4 month row and told so",
    "the table stops at 12 months and we publish no range past it",
    "wake windows are a practical rule of thumb used by sleep specialists, not a formal AAP or NHS guideline",
    "ranges vary widely by baby and by day"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to label a specific baby's pattern as abnormal or to override a clinician's individual plan",
   "topic": "sleep"
  },
  {
   "id": "spitup.cause_les.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Spit-up happens because the muscle between the esophagus and stomach is not fully developed, mainly when the baby's stomach is full.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Mayo Clinic",
    "url": "https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20044329"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "mechanism explanation in plain language",
   "limitations": [
    "general mechanism, not an individual diagnosis"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "not used to rule out other causes",
   "topic": "spitup"
  },
  {
   "id": "spitup.ger_timeline.v1",
   "statement": "Infant gastroesophageal reflux usually begins at about 2 to 3 weeks of age and peaks between 4 and 5 months old.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/GERD-Reflux.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "normal developmental timeline of infant reflux",
   "limitations": [
    "typical curve",
    "individual babies vary"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "not a diagnostic timeline; new onset after 6 months warrants a call",
   "topic": "spitup"
  },
  {
   "id": "spitup.gerd_signs.v1",
   "statement": "Signs that reflux may need medical attention: refusal to feed, crying or arching the back during feeds, blood or greenish color in the spit-up, spit-up becoming more frequent or forceful, poor weight gain or fewer wet and dirty diapers.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/GERD-Reflux.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "pattern-based escalation list as published by the AAP",
   "limitations": [
    "pattern of signs, not a diagnosis",
    "LEELALU never labels a baby as having GERD"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "the action is always call your pediatrician, never a treatment suggestion",
   "topic": "spitup"
  },
  {
   "id": "spitup.half_of_babies.0_3m.v1",
   "statement": "During the first three months about half of all babies spit up, typically one or two mouthfuls of breast milk or formula at a time.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Mayo Clinic",
    "url": "https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20044329"
   },
   "stage": "0-3 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "prevalence and typical volume framing",
   "limitations": [
    "population statement",
    "volume looks larger than it is because milk spreads"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to judge an individual baby's spit-up as fine; the red-flag list governs",
   "topic": "spitup"
  },
  {
   "id": "spitup.happy_spitters.v1",
   "statement": "Infants with normal reflux are known as happy spitters: not cranky, not appearing to be in pain, and normal reflux does not require tests or medicines.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/GERD-Reflux.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "reassurance framing for the content spitting baby",
   "limitations": [
    "describes normal reflux only",
    "GERD signs are a separate list"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to talk a worried parent out of an appointment",
   "topic": "spitup"
  },
  {
   "id": "spitup.redflags.v1",
   "statement": "Contact the doctor if the baby is not gaining weight, spits up forcefully, spits up green or yellow fluid or blood, refuses to feed, has blood in the stool, has difficulty breathing, begins spitting up after 6 months of age, cries excessively or seems unusually cranky, or has fewer wet diapers than usual.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Mayo Clinic",
    "url": "https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20044329"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "escalation list quoted from Mayo Clinic, never originated by LEELALU",
   "limitations": [
    "source page blocks automated fetch by signature and was read live in-session (same handling as the ACOG note in PIPELINE.md)"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "must be reproduced in full; never trimmed to fit a layout; LEELALU never adds or removes an item",
   "topic": "spitup"
  },
  {
   "id": "spitup.reduce_upright_30.v1",
   "statement": "To reduce spit-up: keep the baby upright for 30 minutes after each feeding, feed smaller amounts more often, burp during and after each feeding, and avoid active play right after a feed.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Mayo Clinic",
    "url": "https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20044329"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "practical reduction steps as published by Mayo Clinic",
   "limitations": [
    "reduces, does not eliminate"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "upright time is awake time only; sleep stays flat on the back, never inclined or propped",
   "topic": "spitup"
  },
  {
   "id": "spitup.resolves_9_12m.v1",
   "statement": "For most babies born full-term, reflux symptoms go away by the time they are 9 to 12 months old as the upper digestive tract matures.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/abdominal/Pages/GERD-Reflux.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "resolution window for full-term infants",
   "limitations": [
    "full-term babies",
    "preterm guidance differs"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to delay evaluation when red flags are present",
   "topic": "spitup"
  },
  {
   "id": "spitup.stops_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Most babies stop spitting up by age 12 months.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Mayo Clinic",
    "url": "https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20044329"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "expected resolution timeline",
   "limitations": [
    "most, not all",
    "timelines vary"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to dismiss spit-up that starts after 6 months, which is itself a red flag",
   "topic": "spitup"
  },
  {
   "id": "spitup.vs_vomit.v1",
   "statement": "Spitting up is the easy flow of stomach contents back through the mouth; vomiting is forceful and shoots out rather than oozing.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "Mayo Clinic",
    "url": "https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in-depth/healthy-baby/art-20044329"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "observable distinction between spit-up and vomiting",
   "limitations": [
    "observation aid, not a diagnostic test"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "forceful vomiting is on the call-your-doctor list regardless of this distinction",
   "topic": "spitup"
  },
  {
   "id": "teeth.age_range_4_7m.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes that babies typically start teething by about 4 to 7 months old, and that timing varies considerably based on heredity.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/teething-tooth-care/Pages/Teething-4-to-7-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "4-7 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "typical start range as published, with the AAP heredity caveat attached; never a milestone a baby can be late for",
   "limitations": [
    "a range, not a schedule",
    "the AAP names heredity as the reason it moves, and an earlier or later first tooth is inside ordinary variation"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to tell a family their baby is behind, and never used to date a tooth from drool alone",
   "topic": "teeth"
  },
  {
   "id": "teeth.brushing_start.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes that as soon as your baby's first tooth erupts it is time to start using fluoride toothpaste, using a tiny smear the size of a grain of rice until age 3.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/oral-health/Pages/Brushing-Up-on-Oral-Health-Never-Too-Early-to-Start.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "6-36 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the start point and the published quantity, together; the quantity is part of the instruction and never dropped",
   "limitations": [
    "the rice-grain smear applies until age 3",
    "this claim carries no guidance for older children"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never quoted without the amount, since the amount is the safety part",
   "topic": "teeth"
  },
  {
   "id": "teeth.fda_benzocaine.v1",
   "statement": "The FDA writes that using benzocaine products can lead to a serious, and sometimes fatal, condition called methemoglobinemia, in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells is greatly reduced, and that benzocaine products should not be used for teething pain in children; the agency added contraindications, its strongest warnings, directing parents and caregivers not to use these products for teething and not to use them in infants and children younger than 2 years.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "FDA",
    "url": "https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/risk-serious-and-potentially-fatal-blood-disorder-prompts-fda-action-oral-over-counter-benzocaine"
   },
   "stage": "0-2 years",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "a safety warning quoted from the regulator, reproduced with the mechanism and the age boundary intact",
   "limitations": [
    "the FDA action covers oral over-the-counter benzocaine for teething and mouth pain",
    "it is not a statement about every topical anesthetic in every setting"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never softened into a suggestion; this is a regulator contraindication and is quoted as one",
   "topic": "teeth"
  },
  {
   "id": "teeth.fda_homeopathic.v1",
   "statement": "The FDA writes that homeopathic tablets and other products used for soothing teething pain can be dangerous to children and can lead to serious injury, and even death.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "FDA consumer update",
    "url": "https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/safely-soothing-teething-pain-infants-and-children"
   },
   "stage": "0-24 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the regulator warning quoted as published, about teething products sold as homeopathic",
   "limitations": [
    "the warning is about teething products",
    "it is not a general statement about every product labelled homeopathic"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never generalised beyond teething products, and never softened",
   "topic": "teeth"
  },
  {
   "id": "teeth.fda_jewelry.v1",
   "statement": "The FDA writes that it has received reports of death and serious injuries to infants and children, including strangulation and choking, caused by teething jewelry, such as amber teething necklaces.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "FDA consumer update",
    "url": "https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/safely-soothing-teething-pain-infants-and-children"
   },
   "stage": "0-24 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the regulator reporting harm it has received, quoted as published, including the named mechanisms",
   "limitations": [
    "the FDA reports harm and warns",
    "it does not publish an incidence rate, and we do not imply one"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never balanced against anecdote; the warning is quoted without a counterweight we cannot source",
   "topic": "teeth"
  },
  {
   "id": "teeth.fever_not_teething.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes that a baby's body temperature may rise slightly when teething, but that according to a 2016 study in Pediatrics a true fever, over 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit or 38 degrees Celsius, is not associated with teething and is a sign of illness or infection.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren (citing Pediatrics, 2016)",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/teething-tooth-care/Pages/Babys-First-Tooth-Facts-Parents-Should-Know.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "3-24 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "a boundary claim: it exists to stop a fever being written off as teething, and is never used the other way round",
   "limitations": [
    "slightly raised temperature and true fever are different things and the source separates them",
    "NHS puts the teething rise at less than 38C"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "a fever in a baby under 3 months is its own emergency threshold and is never routed through this claim",
   "topic": "teeth"
  },
  {
   "id": "teeth.first_dental_visit.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes to see your child's dentist by their first birthday or within six months of their first tooth.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/oral-health/Pages/Brushing-Up-on-Oral-Health-Never-Too-Early-to-Start.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "6-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published timing of the first dental visit, both halves of it",
   "limitations": [
    "timing guidance, not a statement about access or cost, which vary by family and by state"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never phrased as a deadline a family has failed",
   "topic": "teeth"
  },
  {
   "id": "teeth.first_tooth_6m.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes that increased saliva and hands in the mouth start around 3 to 4 months and do not by themselves mean teething, and that a first tooth usually appears around 6 months old, with the lower front teeth almost always first.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/teething-tooth-care/Pages/Babys-First-Tooth-Facts-Parents-Should-Know.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "3-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "typical timing as published, with the AAP caveat that drool is not evidence of a tooth",
   "limitations": [
    "usually",
    "the range is wide and some babies have no teeth at their first birthday"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to explain away symptoms; a fever is not teething, see teeth.fever_not_teething.v1",
   "topic": "teeth"
  },
  {
   "id": "teeth.order.aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes that the two front teeth (central incisors), either upper or lower, usually appear first, followed by the opposite front teeth, that the first molars come in next, and then the canines or eyeteeth.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/teething-tooth-care/Pages/Teething-4-to-7-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "4-24 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published order of eruption, sequence only; the AAP publishes no month attached to each tooth and neither do we",
   "limitations": [
    "order is typical, not universal",
    "no dates are published per tooth, so any month-by-month teething chart goes beyond this source"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never presented as a schedule a baby is measured against",
   "topic": "teeth"
  },
  {
   "id": "teeth.soothing_aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes to try gently rubbing or massaging the gums with one of your fingers, that teething rings can be helpful but should be made of firm rubber, and that the teethers you freeze tend to get too hard and can cause more harm than good.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/teething-tooth-care/Pages/Teething-4-to-7-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "4-24 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the two comfort measures the AAP names, with the frozen-teether caution kept attached",
   "limitations": [
    "comfort measures, not treatment",
    "the AAP names no medicine here"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never extended to gels, tablets, or jewelry, which the FDA warns against separately",
   "topic": "teeth"
  },
  {
   "id": "teeth.symptoms_aap.v1",
   "statement": "The AAP writes that teething occasionally may cause mild irritability, a slight rise in temperature but not over 101 degrees Fahrenheit (38.3 degrees Celsius), excessive drooling, and a desire to chew on something hard, and that more often the gums around the new teeth will swell and be tender; and that if a child seems particularly miserable or has a fever higher than 101 degrees Fahrenheit it is probably not from teething.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "AAP HealthyChildren",
    "url": "https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/teething-tooth-care/Pages/Teething-4-to-7-Months.aspx"
   },
   "stage": "4-24 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the AAP symptom list with its own temperature boundary kept attached; the boundary is the point of the claim, not a detail",
   "limitations": [
    "the AAP writes 101F on this page while its first tooth page cites 100.4F as the line for a true fever",
    "both are shown and the lower one governs escalation"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "never used to explain away a fever; a fever is routed to the fever claims and to a clinician",
   "topic": "teeth"
  },
  {
   "id": "teeth.symptoms_nhs.v1",
   "statement": "The NHS lists teething signs as a gum that is sore and red where the tooth is coming through, a temperature that is slightly raised but less than 38C, one flushed cheek, a rash on the face, rubbing an ear, dribbling more than usual, gnawing and chewing a lot, being more fretful than usual, and not sleeping well.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "NHS",
    "url": "https://www.nhs.uk/baby/babys-development/teething/baby-teething-symptoms/"
   },
   "stage": "3-24 months",
   "jurisdiction": "UK",
   "evidence_strength": "moderate",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published list reproduced in full, including the NHS temperature boundary",
   "limitations": [
    "UK source",
    "the NHS notes some symptoms people attribute to teething, such as diarrhoea, have no evidence behind them"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "the 38C boundary is part of the claim and is never dropped; at or above it, this is not teething",
   "topic": "teeth"
  },
  {
   "id": "teething.avoid_homeopathic.0_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Skip homeopathic teething remedies; they may contain ingredients that are not safe for infants.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002045.htm"
   },
   "stage": "0-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "avoid homeopathic"
  },
  {
   "id": "teething.biting_calm_response.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "If your baby bites while nursing, say a firm \"no bite\" and turn your baby away for a moment; babies learn quickly that biting stops the feeding.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/breastfeeding-your-teething-baby"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "biting calm response"
  },
  {
   "id": "teething.bottle_water_only.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "If a bottle seems to soothe teething, fill it only with water; formula, milk, or juice in a comfort bottle can cause tooth decay.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002045.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "bottle water only"
  },
  {
   "id": "teething.common_signs.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Common teething signs include crankiness, biting or chewing on hard objects, drooling, tender or swollen gums, refusing food, and sleep trouble.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002045.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "common signs"
  },
  {
   "id": "teething.cool_chew_object.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "A cool object to chew on, such as a firm rubber teething ring or a cold apple, can ease sore gums; skip liquid-filled rings and plastic objects that might break.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002045.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "cool chew object"
  },
  {
   "id": "teething.cool_soft_foods.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "If your child is already eating solids, cool soft foods like applesauce or yogurt can feel good on teething gums.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002045.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "cool soft foods"
  },
  {
   "id": "teething.eruption_order.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "The two bottom front teeth usually come in first, followed by the two top front teeth.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002045.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "eruption order"
  },
  {
   "id": "teething.gum_rub_washcloth.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Gently rubbing the gums with a cool, wet washcloth or a clean finger can help; you can chill the washcloth in the freezer first, then wash it before reusing.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002045.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "gum rub washcloth"
  },
  {
   "id": "teething.late_first_tooth_normal.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Some children do not show any teeth until much later than 8 months, and this is usually normal, not a sign of disease.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002045.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "late first tooth normal"
  },
  {
   "id": "teething.safety_donts.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Never tie a teething ring or any other object around your child's neck, and do not place anything frozen directly against the gums.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002045.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "safety donts"
  },
  {
   "id": "teething.soothe_gums_before_nursing.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Before nursing a teething baby, offer a cold wet washcloth or a cold teething toy, or massage their gums with a clean finger, to soothe sore gums.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/breastfeeding-your-teething-baby"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "soothe gums before nursing"
  },
  {
   "id": "teething.starts_4_7m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Babies begin teething sometime between 4-7 months.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "USDA WIC Breastfeeding Support",
    "url": "https://wicbreastfeeding.fns.usda.gov/breastfeeding-your-teething-baby"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "starts 4 7m"
  },
  {
   "id": "teething.starts_6_8m.4_12m.v1",
   "statement": "Teething generally begins between 6 and 8 months of age.",
   "used_by": "lu",
   "source": {
    "organization": "MedlinePlus (NIH)",
    "url": "https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002045.htm"
   },
   "stage": "4-12 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "public health guidance",
   "permitted_meaning": "General education for the stated stage; never diagnosis, dosing or symptom scoring.",
   "limitations": [],
   "never_used_for": "",
   "topic": "starts 6 8m"
  },
  {
   "id": "vaccine.mild_side_effects.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC lists mild side effects after childhood vaccines as soreness or swelling where the shot was given, fever, fussiness, feeling tired, loss of appetite and vomiting, and says they generally go away within a few days.",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/basics/possible-side-effects.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-24 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the published list of mild effects and their published duration, nothing more",
   "limitations": [
    "CDC pages return HTTP 403 to direct fetch and were read on 2026-08-16 through a second fetch path. Read live: this page does NOT publish a call-your-doctor instruction for mild effects, so any such routing beside this claim is LEELALU editorial framing and points only toward care"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "the newborn fever threshold governs on its own: a baby under 3 months with a rectal temperature of 100.4F or higher is an immediate pediatrician call whether or not a vaccine was given",
   "topic": "vaccine"
  },
  {
   "id": "vaccine.schedule_4m_6m.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC easy-to-read child immunization schedule shows a routine round at 4 months (rotavirus dose 2, DTaP dose 2, Hib dose 2, pneumococcal dose 2, polio dose 2) and a further round at 6 months (rotavirus dose 3, DTaP dose 3, Hib dose 3, pneumococcal dose 3, polio dose 3, plus COVID-19 and influenza).",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-schedules/child-easyread.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-6 years",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "what the published schedule shows, as a description of the visit; never advice for or against any vaccine and never an adjustment to any schedule",
   "limitations": [
    "US schedule, read live 2026-08-17. Doses vary by brand and by what the child has already had, some are combined into fewer injections, and the exact combination at a given visit belongs to the clinician"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "LEELALU never advises for or against a vaccine and never adjusts a schedule",
   "topic": "vaccine"
  },
  {
   "id": "vaccine.serious_reactions_dtap.cdc.v1",
   "statement": "The CDC writes \"More serious reactions, such as seizures, non-stop crying for 3 hours or more, or high fever (over 105 degrees F) after DTaP vaccination happen much less often\".",
   "used_by": "article",
   "source": {
    "organization": "CDC",
    "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/basics/possible-side-effects.html"
   },
   "stage": "0-24 months",
   "jurisdiction": "US",
   "evidence_strength": "strong",
   "permitted_meaning": "the CDC's own named serious reactions and its own statement of how often they happen; never a probability we compute",
   "limitations": [
    "read live 2026-08-17. The CDC names these three and attaches them to DTaP",
    "it does not publish a numeric rate on this page, so \"much less often\" is the CDC's phrase and stays in its words"
   ],
   "never_used_for": "none",
   "topic": "vaccine"
  }
 ]
}